History of Film Sound and Music: From Early Beginnings to Digital Era, Quizzes of Music

Download History of Film Sound and Music: From Early Beginnings to Digital Era and more Quizzes Music in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Franz Waxman DEFINITION 1 Composed Bride of Frankenstein TERM 2 W. K.L. Dickson DEFINITION 2 devised an earlymotion picturecameraunder the employment ofThomas Edison(post-dating the work ofLouis Le Prince).[1] [2]Dickson invented the first practical celluloid film for this application and decided on35 mmfor the size, a standard still used.William Dickson worked on a sprocket system for a camera that would cause the film to move past the lens when turned by a crank. (used on the kinetoscope) TERM 3 Erich Korngold DEFINITION 3 he is considered one of the founders of film music.Korngold won theAcademy Awardfor his score toThe Adventures of Robin Hoodin 1938, widely considered one of the greatest scores ever written. TERM 4 Max Steiner DEFINITION 4 he was one of the first composers who primarily wrote music for motion pictures, and as such is often referred to as "the father of film music".preferred to use a click track rather than punchers and streamersGone With The Wind, Casablancaused a cello in his score for Johnny Belinda to represent the main character's emotional state after being attacked in a barn. TERM 5 Alfred Newman DEFINITION 5 considered one of the "three godfathers of film music,"Composed for the film Song of Bernadetteused portamento in his songs.used the flattened 7th in his score that he wrote for How Green Was My Valley. Another name for that note is the Blue Note. TERM 6 Dimitri Tiomkin DEFINITION 6 composed for the film Red River TERM 7 David Raksin DEFINITION 7 Composed the film LauraThe improvised from reading a breakup letter in order to write the sad sounding melody for the score to the movie Laura. TERM 8 Thomas Edison DEFINITION 8 He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including thephonograph, themotion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electriclight bulb.invented the Kinetoscope TERM 9 Kinetoscope DEFINITION 9 Edison installed a cylinder similiar to those used on his phonograph, inside a camera and coated it with a light sensitive material. Every time a picture was taken the cyliner turned slightly, taking another picture. Edison would then process the crude film and run it through a viewer which showed motion. Thus, the invention of the "_______"it creates the illusion of movement by conveying a strip ofperforated filmbearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. TERM 10 Eadweard J. Muybridge DEFINITION 10 pioneered the process of experimenting with taking a series of pictures of a subject in motion and showing them back in sequence.He had 700 cameras set up in sequence, to photograph a trotting horse. This major undertaking yielded just 60 seconds of motion picture when all the photographs were viewed back in sequence. TERM 21 Cinerama: This is Cinerama DEFINITION 21 ___was the first realwidescreenfeature film format and was invented by Fred Waller.___is the trademarked name for awidescreenprocess which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35mm projectors onto a huge, deeply-curved screen, subtending 146 of arcThe first____ film,____, premiered on 30 September 1952, atThe Broadway TheatreinNew York.7 track analog magnetic.Left, midleft, center ,mid right, right, left surround, right surround. TERM 22 Cinemascope DEFINITION 22 This anamorphic,widscreenformat used an anamorphic lense to get its wide aspect ratio. This 4-track, discrete magnetic format used an LCRS speaker set-up and was striped right on the film.___ used a technique which had the dialog on screen follow the action on the screen.The first CinemaScope film,The Robe, was released on September 16, 1953 TERM 23 Todd AO & Oklahoma DEFINITION 23 The first ___ movie was called________is used five speakers behind the screen and a mono surround channel.___'s 65mm negative is printed on a 70mm release print. The extra 5mm is devoted to the soundtrack with 2.5mm alocated on either side of the film TERM 24 IMAX DEFINITION 24 debut at World Expo 67' in Montreal___is a motion picture film format and a set of proprietary cinema projection standards created by the Canadian company___ Corporation. used a single powerful projector. TERM 25 OMNIMAX DEFINITION 25 A full dome version of the IMAX TERM 26 Physical Causation DEFINITION 26 dictating emotion through physical discomfort.ex. sensurround systems in 1970Sensurround worked by adding extended-range bass forsound effects. The low-frequency sounds were more felt than heard, providing a vivid complement to onscreen depictions of earth tremors, bomber formations, and amusement park rides.Also known as phychokinetic stimulationused in the movie Earth Quake. TERM 27 Dolby A Noise Reduction DEFINITION 27 the original professional___ system introduced in 1965t was designed for use by professional recording studios to make quiet master tape recordings. In the early to mid 1970's its use was extended to film recording studios and motion picture release prints in order to make films sound better.That same year The Little Prince was released with 35mm magnetic release prints with ____ TERM 28 Dolby SVA DEFINITION 28 This was made possible because of Dolby A noise reduction. Before the advent of this noise reduction, it was too noisy to have two optical channels on a piece of 35mm film. TERM 29 Dolby Stereo DEFINITION 29 In 1976,A Star Is Bornbecame the first ___ film.___ was a 4- channel format phase matrixed into a two channel format. This was a sensible solution because it allows the four channels to be encoded into any stereo format including FM radio, record, tape, CD, etc. The format uses a left, center, right, surround speaker array and was first utilized by the stereo variable area soundtrack. TERM 30 Matrixed Surround DEFINITION 30 Dolby used the ____ format to avoid the pitfalls of having four optical tracks on the film TERM 31 Dolby Baby Boom DEFINITION 31 Star Wars, revolutionized film sound withBen Burtt'saward winning sound effects, the same year:_____:used the same 70mm format as Todd-AO with some slight modifications. There were three speakers behind the screen designated left, center, and right. There was also one surround channel and two low frequency effects channels that excepted frequencies below 200 Hz.withApocalypse Now, Dolby debuted the Dolby 70mm "Split Surround" format. Like the Baby Boom format, Split Surround is based on the Todd-AO format. It was actually the first 5.1 format as we think of it today.It had a left, center, and right, left surround, right surround, andlow frequency effects channel.Like Baby Boom, Split Surround had the same left, center, right, mono surround, and two boom tracks. The added left and right surrounds were put on the same tracks as the two boom tracks. TERM 32 THX, "Seal of Approval", Return of the Jedi DEFINITION 32 Return of the Jedi, in 1983, was the first motion picture to be released in concordance with the new "_____".The___theater sound reproduction system grew from an idea to install a state-of-the-art monitoring system for Lucasfilm's new re-recording stageTheaters who pursue ___ approval must meet several criteria. They must meet specifications for reverberation time versus volume, picture sharpness, noise limits, and screen properties. TERM 33 Dolby SR and Robocop DEFINITION 33 Dolby's second generation professional recording system. Not only was it designed to provide more noise reduction but it also provides a number of other technological innovations that extend the recording's dynamic range and gives the user a master recording that is indistinguishable from live sound.___ is therefore referred to as a signal processing system rather than just a noise reduction system.In 1987,RobocopandInnerspacewere the first films to be released with Dolby SR.35mm, 2 track matrixed analogue opticle, LCRS TERM 34 Kodak CDS (Cinema Digital Sound), Dick Tracy DEFINITION 34 The___ system was a technology which used Delta Moduation compression with a data reduction of 4:1.___ was a 5.1 system with a left, center, right, left surround, right surround, and low frequency effects channel and was available in both 35mm and 70mm formats.___ was an optical technology with an array of pixels in place of the analogue soundtrack. Unlike its successors,___ had no analog backup. It failed in several screenings and that seemed to mark its doom. TERM 35 Dolby Digital DEFINITION 35 ____is a 5.1 format based on Dolby'sAC-3data reduction algorithm. The digital data is placed between the sprocket holes, which allows the retention of the analogue tracks. This allows only one release print to be made for each theater as well as an analogue backup___ has been chosen as the sound standard forDVDreleased in the United States as well as the newDTVstandard for US television.Batman Returns - first dolby digital movie. TERM 46 New Hollywood DEFINITION 46 ____ or post-classical Hollywood, sometimes referred to as the "American New Wave", refers to the time from roughly the late-1960s to the early 1980s (Heaven's Gate, One from the Heart) when a new generation of young filmmakers came to prominence in America, influencing the types of films produced, their production and marketing, and impacted the way major studios approached filmmaking. TERM 47 Multiplex DEFINITION 47 A ___ is a movie theater complex with multiple screens, typically six to ten screens. TERM 48 soundtrack album DEFINITION 48 uses both popular songs and scores TERM 49 cross-marketing DEFINITION 49 A marketing co-operation or marketing cooperation is a partnership of at least two companies on the value chain level of marketing with the objective to tap the full potential of a market by bundling specific competences or resources. TERM 50 magnetic tape DEFINITION 50 superior fidelity, more portable, so more extravagant locations and need for ADR. TERM 51 stereo reproduction DEFINITION 51 stereo records being sold, but not much ___ in theatre. TERM 52 special scores DEFINITION 52 sheet music composed specifically for the picture and sent out with the picture. TERM 53 3 areas of research for early uses of sound with film. each with its own needs and complications DEFINITION 53 a. nonsynchronous sound for adding musical accompaniments to silent features.b. short features of musical and Vaudville actsc. Newsreels TERM 54 100%Talkie DEFINITION 54 referes to the difference between "The Jazz Singer" and later films that centered around dialogue. There were "synchronized films (essentially still silent, music only) "part talkies" (like the Jazz Singer), and ___, which still has music, but story centered around dialogue. TERM 55 Rerecording DEFINITION 55 the final mix session for films which developed during the classical period and resulted from the more complicated soundtracks TERM 56 Up and Downer DEFINITION 56 refers to an invention that would vary the level of the music dependent on the presence of dialogue for less complicated soundtracks. TERM 57 classical studio era. DEFINITION 57 Contemporary scoring practices (spotting session, music cues, scoring session, rerecording session) developed duringthis era. TERM 58 Production and postproduction phases in classic era DEFINITION 58 Foley and Sound effects came about in this era, but not ADR which came about later. TERM 59 Popular songs used in the underscore DEFINITION 59 became popular in the post-classical era, as did looping (ADR). TERM 60 Compilation Scores DEFINITION 60 became popular in the post-classical era, but not necessarily the same as the soundtrack album. Just means that the musical score consists completely of popular songs and not instrumental score. Either type of score can be released as a soundtrack album.