Understanding Relationships: Terms, Concepts, and Models, Quizzes of Communication and Development studies

Download Understanding Relationships: Terms, Concepts, and Models and more Quizzes Communication and Development studies in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Self-disclosure DEFINITION 1 evaluative and descriptive information about the self, shared intentionally, that another would have trouble finding out without being told. TERM 2 public information DEFINITION 2 personal facts, usually socially approved characteristics, we make part of our public image. TERM 3 private information DEFINITION 3 assessments, both good and bad, that we make about ourselves, including our personal values and our interests, fears and concerns. TERM 4 history DEFINITION 4 information that may sound personal to another person but that is relatively easy for us to tell. TERM 5 story DEFINITION 5 information we feel we are taking a risk telling another. TERM 6 topical intimacy DEFINITION 6 the level of intimacy inherent in a topic. TERM 7 Relational issues: Pattern 1 DEFINITION 7 people meet, get to know each other, begin to tell each other more and more personal information, and then decrease their disclosures as the relationship endures. TERM 8 Relational issues: Pattern 2 DEFINITION 8 two people who know each other as casual friends for a long time before escalating the relationship with self-disclosures and increasing intimacy. TERM 9 Relational issues: Pattern 3 DEFINITION 9 sometimes referred to as "clicking", shows a high incidence of self-disclosing almost immediately in the relationship. they "click" from the start. TERM 10 androgynous DEFINITION 10 having both masculine and feminine traits.- androgynous men think self-disclosures characterizes close relationships. TERM 21 reframing DEFINITION 21 refers to rethinking the notion of opposition. TERM 22 social penetration model DEFINITION 22 a model of self-disclosure and relational development that illustrates how sharing increasingly more personal information intensifies a relationship's intimacy level. TERM 23 breadth DEFINITION 23 a dimension of self-disclosure that indicates the number of topics discussed within a relationship. TERM 24 depth DEFINITION 24 a dimension of self-disclosure indicating how much detail we provide about a specific topic. TERM 25 Johari Window DEFINITION 25 a model used to understand the process of self-disclosure consisting of a square with four panels that provides a pictorial representation of how "known" we are to other and ourselves. it is a person-specific model, meaning that we need to draw a different window for each person with whom we interact. TERM 26 open self DEFINITION 26 in the Johari Window, the pane that includes all the information about us that we know and that we have shared with others through disclosures. TERM 27 hidden self DEFINITION 27 in the Johari Window, the pane that includes the information about ourselves we are aware of but that we have chosen not to disclose. TERM 28 blind self DEFINITION 28 in the Johari Window, the pane that includes information others know about us that we are unaware of. TERM 29 unknown self DEFINITION 29 in the Johari Window, the pane that includes the information that neither others nor we are aware of about ourselves. TERM 30 catharsis DEFINITION 30 a therapeutic release of tensions and negative emotion as a result of self-disclosing. TERM 31 Reasons to self-disclose DEFINITION 31 - to experience catharsis and improve psychological health and control.- to improve physical health.- to achieve self- awareness.- to initiate a relationship.- to maintain existing relationships.- to satisfy expectations of what constitutes a good relationship.- to escalate a relationship. TERM 32 Reasons NOT to self-disclose DEFINITION 32 - to avoid hurt and rejection- to avoid conflict- to keep your image intact and maintain individuality- to reduce stress TERM 33 interpersonal conflict DEFINITION 33 the interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals and interference from each other in achieving those goals. TERM 34 interaction DEFINITION 34 a necessary condition for conflict, given that conflicts are created and sustained through verbal and nonverbal communication. TERM 35 interdependence DEFINITION 35 a necessary condition for conflict, given that people involved in conflict rely on each other, need each other, and are in a relationship with each other. TERM 46 pursuit-withdrawal DEFINITION 46 in a conflict, a pattern consisting of one party pressing for a discussion about a conflictual topic while the other party withdraws. TERM 47 withdrawal-pursuit DEFINITION 47 in a conflict, a pattern in which one party withdraws, which prompts the other party to pursue. TERM 48 schismogensis DEFINITION 48 both partners do what they wish the other would do for them, and both are rebuffed. TERM 49 symmetrical negotiation DEFINITION 49 in a conflict, each party mirroring the other's negotiating behaviors. TERM 50 bullying DEFINITION 50 a particular form of conflict in which the abuse is persistent and the person being bullied finds it very difficult to defend their self. TERM 51 positive interaction theory DEFINITION 51 an interpersonal encounter in which the participants say more positive things to each other than negative things. TERM 52 negative interaction theory DEFINITION 52 an interpersonal encounter in which the participants say more negative things to each other than positive things. TERM 53 Four-Part Model DEFINITION 53 depicts conflict as a circle divided into four sections that represent critical parts of any conflict.- you refers to one of the participants in the conflict- me refers to the other participant- context compromises the emotional background surrounding the conflict- subject means what the parties are arguing about TERM 54 placating DEFINITION 54 being positive or ignoring our own needs in a conflict TERM 55 pouncing DEFINITION 55 responding in an aggressive manner without acknowledging the needs of another person in a conflict. TERM 56 computing DEFINITION 56 disqualifying the emotional aspects of a conflict (the context) and focusing on the rational aspects TERM 57 distracting DEFINITION 57 disqualifying the subject of a conflict by distracting both people in the conflict with behaviors such as laughing, crying, or changing the subject. TERM 58 distal context DEFINITION 58 the background that frames a specific conflict TERM 59 proximal context DEFINITION 59 the rules, emotions and beliefs of the individuals involved in a conflict. TERM 60 conflict interaction DEFINITION 60 the point in the conflict process when the differences between two individuals become a problem and one or both people begin to address an issue. TERM 71 role relationships DEFINITION 71 a relationship in which the partners are interdependent while accomplishing a specific task, such as a server and a customer at a restaurant. TERM 72 close relationships DEFINITION 72 a relationship that endures over time and that consists of interdependent partners who satisfy each other's needs for connection and social inclusion, feel an emotional attachment to each other, are irreplaceable to each other and enact unique communication patterns. TERM 73 relationship scripts DEFINITION 73 cognitive structures containing a pattern for the key events we expect in a relationship. TERM 74 relational culture DEFINITION 74 the notion that relational partners collaborate and experience shared understandings, roles, and rituals that are unique to their relationships. TERM 75 co-rumination DEFINITION 75 excessive discussion of personal problems TERM 76 family stories DEFINITION 76 bits of lore about family members and activities that are told and retold as a way for family members to construct a sense of family identity and meaning. TERM 77 ritual DEFINITION 77 a repeated patterned communication event in a family's life. 3 forms: everyday interactions, traditions, celebrations TERM 78 systems theory DEFINITION 78 compares relationships to living systems, which have 6 important properties: wholeness, interdependence, hierarchy, boundaries or openess. calibration, equifinality TERM 79 wholeness DEFINITION 79 a principle that states that we can't fully understand a system by simply picking it apart and understanding each of its parts in isolation from one another. TERM 80 interdependence DEFINITION 80 builds on the notion of wholeness by asserting that members of systems depend on each other and are affected by one another. TERM 81 hierarchy DEFINITION 81 a principle that states that all relationships are embedded within larger systems TERM 82 subsystem DEFINITION 82 lower-level systems of relationships, such as a sibling relationship within a family. TERM 83 suprasystem DEFINITION 83 higher-level systems of relationships, such as neighborhood consisting of several families. TERM 84 boundaries or openness DEFINITION 84 a systems principle referring to the fact that hierarchy is formed by creating boundaries around each separate system. Human systems are inherently open. TERM 85 calibration DEFINITION 85 the process of systems setting their parameters, checking on themselves, and self-correcting. TERM 96 external dialectics DEFINITION 96 tensions between oppositions that gave to do with how relational partners negotiate the public aspects of their relationship. TERM 97 public and private dialectics DEFINITION 97 the tension between how much of a friendship is demonstrated in public and what parts are kept private. TERM 98 ideal and real dialectics DEFINITION 98 the tension between an idealized version of friendship and the real friends someone has. TERM 99 social exchange theory DEFINITION 99 more specific theory than dialectic theory and points us more directly toward testable predictions about it. assumption is that people want to maximize rewards while minimizing costs and motivated by rewards. TERM 100 cost DEFINITION 100 those things in relational life that we judge as negative. TERM 101 rewards DEFINITION 101 those parts of being in a relationship that we find pleasurable. TERM 102 theory of interdependence DEFINITION 102 relationships are interdependent. whatever one person does in a relationship affects the other and their relationship as a whole. TERM 103 comparison level DEFINITION 103 a person's standard level for what types of costs and rewards should exist in a given relationship. TERM 104 comparison level for alternatives DEFINITION 104 a comparison of the costs and rewards of a current relationship to the possibility of doing better in a different relationship. TERM 105 relative power positions DEFINITION 105 a situation in which a partner in a relationship believes he or she has a higher power status than the other partner, and so will engage in risky strategies without fearing the costs. TERM 106 stage models DEFINITION 106 concerned with how relationships develop and how communication changes as we deepen or weaken our relational ties with another. TERM 107 initiating DEFINITION 107 the first stage in the coming together part of Knapp's model of relationship development, in which 2 people notice each other and indicate to each other that they are interested in making contact. TERM 108 short-term attraction DEFINITION 108 a judgement of relationship potential that propels us into initiating a relationship. TERM 109 long-term attraction DEFINITION 109 judgement of a relationship that makes us want to continue a relationship after initiating it. this attraction sustains and maintains relationships. TERM 110 experimenting stage DEFINITION 110 a stage in the coming together part of Knapp's model of relationship development in which two people become acquainted by gathering information about each other. TERM 121 networking DEFINITION 121 in relational development, finding out information about a person from a third party. TERM 122 offering DEFINITION 122 putting ourselves in a good position for another to approach us in a social situation. TERM 123 approaching DEFINITION 123 providing nonverbal signals that indicate we'd like to initiate contact with another person, such as going up to a person or smiling in that person's direction. TERM 124 sustaining DEFINITION 124 behaving in a way that keeps an initial conversation going, such as asking questions. TERM 125 affinity seeking DEFINITION 125 emphasizing the commonalities we think we share with another person. TERM 126 preventative maintenance DEFINITION 126 paying attention to out relationships even when they are not experiencing troubles. TERM 127 meta-communication DEFINITION 127 communication about communication. TERM 128 apology DEFINITION 128 a simple statement like "I am really sorry" TERM 129 account DEFINITION 129 an explanation for transgression that may accompany an apology.