Bipolar Disorders and Depression: Terms, Definitions, and Treatments, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Bipolar Disorders and Depression: Terms, Definitions, and Treatments and more Quizzes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Agoraphobia DEFINITION 1 anxiety about being in places from which escape might be difficult/embarrassing, or in which help may not be available in the event of a panic attack; situations are avoided or endured with marked distress or anxiety about having a panic attack TERM 2 Amygdala DEFINITION 2 a collection of nuclei in front of the hippocampus in the limbic system of the brain that is critically involved in the emotion of fear TERM 3 Anxiety DEFINITION 3 a complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is both more oriented to the future and much more diffuse than fear TERM 4 Anxiety Disorders DEFINITION 4 all have unrealistic, irrational fears or anxieties of disabling intensity as their principal and most obvious manifestation specific phobia social phobia panic disorder (w/ or w/o agoraphobia) generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder acute stress disorder post-traumatic stress disorder TERM 5 Anxiety Sensitivity DEFINITION 5 a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences TERM 6 Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia DEFINITION 6 disgust and fear associated with seeing blood or injury; acceleration and then dramatic drop in heart rate and blood pressure; nausea, dizziness, fainting, etc. TERM 7 Cognitive Restructuring DEFINITION 7 therapist attempts to help clients with social phobia identify their underlying negative, automatic thoughts, then helps the clients change these inner thoughts and beliefs through logical reanalysis TERM 8 Compulsions DEFINITION 8 involve either overt repetitive behaviors that are performed aslengthyrituals (hand washing, checking, or ordering) or more covert mental rituals (counting, praying, saying words over and over again); performs these behaviors in response to an obsession TERM 9 Exposure and Response Prevention DEFINITION 9 most effective approach to treating OCD; involves having the OCD clients develop a hierarchy of upsetting stimuli and rate them on a 0 to 100 scale according to their capacity to evoke anxiety, distress, or disgust, then the clients are asked to expose themselves repeatedly to stimuli that will provoke their obsession; asked to not engage in the rituals they would ordinarily would engage in TERM 10 Exposure Therapy DEFINITION 10 best treatment for specific phobias-involves controlled exposure to the stimuli or situations that elicit phobic fear; clients are gradually placed in the real life situations that they find most frightening, encouraged to expose themselves to the feared situations, fear begins to subside TERM 21 Panic Provocation Procedure DEFINITION 21 procedures to produce panic attacks in panic disorder clients TERM 22 Phobia DEFINITION 22 a persistent and disproportionate fear of some specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger and yet leads to a great deal of avoidance of these feared situations TERM 23 Prepared Learning DEFINITION 23 over the course of evolution, primates and humans who rapidly acquired fears of certain objects or situations that posed real threats to our early ancestors have enjoyed a selective advantage TERM 24 Social Phobia DEFINITION 24 disabling fears of one or more specific social situations (public speaking, urinating in public bathroom, eating or writing in public, etc); feels that they may be exposed to the scrutiny and potential negative evaluation of others and that they may act in an embarrassing manner; exposure to feared social situation provokes anxiety or panic, recognizes that fear is excessive or unreasonable, interferes with their normal routine TERM 25 Specific Phobia DEFINITION 25 strong and persistent fear that he/she realizes is excessive and unreasonable and is triggered by the presence of a specific object or situation TERM 26 Attributions DEFINITION 26 the way someone explains uncontrollable events internal/external global/specific stable/unstable TERM 27 Behavioral Activation Treatment DEFINITION 27 treatment for unipolar depression; getting patients to become more active and engaged with their environment and with their interpersonal relationships (scheduling daily activities and rating pleasure and mastery while engaging, exploring alternative alternative behaviors to reach goals, role-playing to address specific deficits) TERM 28 Bipolar Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern DEFINITION 28 recurrences of bipolar peaks and lows are seasonal in nature TERM 29 Bipolar Disorders DEFINITION 29 person experiences both manic and depressive episodes TERM 30 Bipolar I Disorder DEFINITION 30 history of one ore more manic or mixed episodes history of one or more major depressive episodes symptoms cause distress or impairment in functioning TERM 31 Bipolar II Disorder DEFINITION 31 symptoms of bipolar I but person does not experience full- blown manic (or mixed) episodes TERM 32 Chronic Major Depressive Disorder DEFINITION 32 symptoms of someone who has major depression do not remit for over 2 years TERM 33 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) DEFINITION 33 one of the two best known psychotherapies for unipolar depression; focuses on here-and-now problems, highly structured, systematic attempts to teach people with unipolar depression to evaluate systematically their dysfunctional beliefs and negative automatic thoughts; taught to identify and correct their biases or distortions in information processing and to uncover and challenge their underlying depressogenic assumptions and beliefs TERM 34 Cyclothymic Disorder DEFINITION 34 less serious version of full-blown bipolar disorder because it is minus certain extreme symptoms and psychotic features such as delusions and marked impairment TERM 35 Depression DEFINITION 35 feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection TERM 46 Major Depressive Episode DEFINITION 46 markedly depressed for most of every day and for most days for at least 2 weeks; weight loss or weight gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide TERM 47 Major Depressive Episode with Atypical Features DEFINITION 47 person's mood brightens in response to potential positive events TERM 48 Major Depressive Episode with Catatonic Features DEFINITION 48 psychomotor symptoms, motoric immobility, extensive psychomotor activity, mutism, rigidity TERM 49 Major Depressive Episode with Melancholic Features DEFINITION 49 lost interest or pleasure in almost all activities or does not react to usually pleasurable stimuli or desired events TERM 50 Mania DEFINITION 50 intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria TERM 51 Manic Episode DEFINITION 51 person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence TERM 52 Mixed Episode DEFINITION 52 symptoms of both full blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week-whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days TERM 53 Monoamine-oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) DEFINITION 53 antidepressant medication that inhibit the action of monoamine oxidase-the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin once released TERM 54 Mood Disorder DEFINITION 54 severe alterations in mood for much longer periods of time; disturbances of mood are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive, and often lead to serious problems in relationships and work performance TERM 55 Mood-Congruent Delusions DEFINITION 55 delusions that seem in some sense "appropriate" to serious depression because the content is negative in tone, such as themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, deserve punishment, death or disease TERM 56 Negative Automatic Thoughts DEFINITION 56 Beck's Cognitive Theory (Unipolar Depression)- thoughts that often occur just below the surface of awareness and involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions TERM 57 Negative Cognitive Triad DEFINITION 57 Beck's Cognitive Theory-Unipolar Depression negative thoughts about the self negative thoughts about one's experiences and the surrounding world negative thoughts about one's future TERM 58 Pessimistic Attributional Style DEFINITION 58 people who have a vulnerability or diathesis for depression when faced with uncontrollable negative life events; develops in part from social learning TERM 59 Rapid Cycling DEFINITION 59 experiencing at least four manic or depressive episodes every year (Bipolar disorder) TERM 60 Recurrence DEFINITION 60 depressive episodes remit (which is not said to occur until symptoms have largely been gone for at least two months), recur at some future point