Sleep Stages and Neurotransmitters: A Comprehensive Guide, Quizzes of Psychology of Human Development

Download Sleep Stages and Neurotransmitters: A Comprehensive Guide and more Quizzes Psychology of Human Development in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Wake DEFINITION 1 beta activity TERM 2 Relaxed DEFINITION 2 alpha activity TERM 3 Stage 1 DEFINITION 3 low voltage EEG lower EMG, relaxed chin muscles TERM 4 Stage 2 DEFINITION 4 sleep spindles (rhythmic but faster than k complexes), K- complexes (slowing down of electrical activity), slight lower EMG TERM 5 Stage 3 DEFINITION 5 between 20 and 50% delta waves, SWS(slow wave sleep) TERM 6 Stage 4 DEFINITION 6 : > 50% delta waves, SWS TERM 7 REM DEFINITION 7 low voltage EEG, much lower EMG Eye movement Muscle tone decrease Twitching Dreams- always dream in REM TERM 8 Continuity of Sleep DEFINITION 8 90 minute cycles- transition between NREM and REM In stage 1 for 5 mins, then 2 quickly, then 3 and 4 for most of the beginning of night. As the night goes on, more REM sleep, more stage 2, less SWS (45 min cycles of 2 and REM) Tend to naturally want to wake up out of REM sleep TERM 9 Slow wave sleep DEFINITION 9 Growth hormone is released in SWS Stages 3 and 4 (nrem) TERM 10 locus coeruleus (pons) DEFINITION 10 This keeps us from acting out our dreams by disabling muscle tone in REM sleep Severed this in Cats, they were normal except acted out their dreams. TERM 21 Pancreas DEFINITION 21 Insulin and Glucagon TERM 22 insulin DEFINITION 22 Allows you to use glucose for energy Tells liver to store any extra glucose so that you can use it once you stop eating Is secreted while eating TERM 23 glucagon DEFINITION 23 released after eating is finished and insulin stops secreation. Activated by sympathetic nervous system Glucagon- hormone released from the pancreas that allows us to activate long term storage, activated after eating. TERM 24 glycogen DEFINITION 24 in liver glycogen (stored glucose) Everything else that doesnt go to the liver is stored as fat TERM 25 Triglcyrides DEFINITION 25 Glycerol Fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid palmitic acid) TERM 26 Ventromedial Hypothalamus DEFINITION 26 controls telling the brian when it is satiated lesioned this in rats got fat If the ventral medial hypohthlamus is lesioned in females, they wont ever have sex again (if radioactive estrogen is injected into brain then is absorbed by VMH) TERM 27 Lateral Hypothalamus DEFINITION 27 Nigrostriatal bundle LH=center for hunger Dont eat when LH is lesioned TERM 28 Paraventricular Nucleus DEFINITION 28 Located in hypothalamus Involved in hunger and carb intake TERM 29 Brain Stem DEFINITION 29 2 most involved parts: Nucleus of the solitary tract Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus Hunger TERM 30 Fen-phen DEFINITION 30 Causes weight loss 5 HT serotonin agonist tells us we have had enough food Dopamine Women who took fen-phen developed heart and bowel problems SSRIs also cause wait loss by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin TERM 31 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) DEFINITION 31 Released in hypothalamus Increased levels=increased eating Prevalent in lateral hypothalamus and Paraventricular nucleus TERM 32 Ghrelin DEFINITION 32 Stomach Sends hunger signals to brain (hypothalamus) Operates through NPY to increase appetite TERM 33 Leptin DEFINITION 33 Leptin (Greek leptos meaning thin) is a 16 kDa protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. Released primarily in brain (hypothalamus) Tells brain you are satiated TERM 34 Cholecystokinin (CCK) DEFINITION 34 Released by stomach Signals satiety TERM 35 FSH follicle stimulating hormone DEFINITION 35 in females: o Causes release of estrogen in the ovaries o Allows eggs to mature and then be released o Testosterone levels are highest during ovulation in males: o Stimulates sperm production TERM 46 Estrogen DEFINITION 46 aggressive female behavior; feelings of competition with other females change with estrogen cycle : Communication & cooperation male: controller behind the scenes; one of the master controls; estrogen levels that are bringing about all of this that is happening; works with oxytocin; calms him down TERM 47 Progesterone DEFINITION 47 females: counteracts estrogen, calming TERM 48 Testosterone DEFINITION 48 females: makes us more assertive, more masculine, more aggressive; increases right before ovulation so increases our sexual desire and sexual aggression males: -king hormone; sex drive; creates competition; brings about goal oriented behavior TERM 49 Oxytocin DEFINITION 49 female: cuddler; released in many ways with females; encourages us to be supportive, loving, and helpful; encourages us to be good mothers; reduces feelings of stress; easiest way to increase levels of oxytocin is a hug from someone you are comfortable with TERM 50 Cortisol DEFINITION 50 stress hormone; major culprit for stress related diseases TERM 51 DHEA DEFINITION 51 master hormone in both males and females; levels decrease across our life span which correlates with the decrease in whatever Is the master hormone (for females, estrogen; for males, testosterone) TERM 52 Prolactin DEFINITION 52 increase and release when wife pregnant; man feels what women feels when shes pregnant; increases dramatically shortly after the birth; share; helps males here the babies cry; the higher this level the better they can hear the baby cry and the reason for the babys cry