Female Reproductive System and Contraception - Prof. Nancy Kenney, Exams of International Women's Voices

Download Female Reproductive System and Contraception - Prof. Nancy Kenney and more Exams International Women's Voices in PDF only on Docsity! Psych/Women 357 NAME _____________________________ Spring, 2005 STUDENT NUMBER _____________________________ Test 3 (Final) VERSION A ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS BOTH ON THIS TEST SHEET AND ON YOUR SCANTRON FORM. ONLY THE ANSWERS ON THE SCANTRON FORM WILL BE GRADED. EACH QUESTION IS WORTH 1 POINT. True or False. 1. The placenta is capable of converting cholesterol to estrogen, but does not have the enzyme necessary to convert cholesterol to progesterone. A. True B. False 2. The cervix remains relatively firm throughout pregnancy but softens due to vasocongestion just before labor. A. True B. False 3. Both prior to puberty and after menopause, GnRH levels are lower than they are in cycling women. A. True B. False 4. For the first month after delivery lactating women produce (and feed to the suckling baby) a high- protein substance called colostrum. A. True B. False 5. Women who smoke tend to experience menopause at a later age than women who do not smoke. A. True B. False 6. Unlike condoms, use of a diaphragm with spermicide has no effect on the transmission of any STDs. A. True B. False 7. As puberty progresses, the hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to estrogen such that by the end of puberty it takes more estrogen to inhibit GnRH production than it does prior to puberty. A. True B. False 8. The most prevalent androgen in men is testosterone but androstenedione is the most prevalent androgen in women. A. True B. False 9. During the monthly cycle, progesterone levels are highest during the luteal phase. A. True B. False 10. According the Collins reading, “Shifting the center: Race, class, and feminist theorizing about motherhood,” feminist theories of motherhood have traditionally accounted for a diverse range of perspectives, accounting for the experiences of women in different cultures and economic backgrounds. A. True B. False 357 Test 3 (Final) page 1 of 10 11. The most common and effective use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis is to assure that the child will have above average intelligence. A. True B. False 12. Women who suffer from severe dysmenorrhea have been shown to have higher muscle mass than women who do not suffer from dysmenorrhea. A. True B. False 13. After menopause, osteoporosis is more common among fair-skinned European- or Asian- American women than it is among African-American or Black women. A. True B. False 14. In the US today, most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and 55. A. True B. False 15. Mammary-gland development during pregnancy is stimulated by estrogen and prostaglandins. A. True B. False 16. For a pregnancy to result in the birth of a live and healthy baby, the corpus luteum must remain functional from the time of conception until the time of delivery. A. True B. False 17. When a woman is exposed to ovulatory phase pheromones from a donor woman, her own ovulation is delayed and her cycle length increases. A. True B. False 18. Women using hormonal contraceptives show a higher peak in sex drive/behavior at mid-cycle than women using effective non-hormonal contraceptives. A. True B. False 19. A medical abortion typically involves taking both Mefepristone (RU486) and Misoprostal (prostaglandin). A. True B. False 20. Both morning sickness and dry mouth are common symptoms experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy A. True B. False Multiple Choice. 21. During breast-feeding, which of the following structures secretes substances that provide lubrication for the nipple and act as antibacterial agents to prevent infections? A. the Montgomery glands B. the lobules C. the glands of Bartholin D. the Mullerian glands E. the corona radiata 357 Test 3 (Final) page 2 of 10 34. Research on sex drive/behavior across the monthly cycle has found that among lesbians: A. sex drive/behavior remains stable at a high level across the entire cycle. B. both self-initiated and partner-initiated sex behavior increases during the subject’s perimenstruum. C. self-initiated sex behavior (but not partner-initiated behavior) increases around the time of ovulation. D. self-initiated and partner-initiated sex behaviors are synchronous throughout the monthly cycle. E. both self-initiated and partner-initiated behavior decreases after the subject’s menses. 35. One of the ways hormonal contraceptives containing only progestin acts is by: A. causing inflammation of the uterine lining thereby making implantation of a fertilized ovum unlikely. B. increasing the rate of ovum transport through the fallopian tube. C. inhibiting the enzymatic process by which the sperm becomes capable of fertilizing the ovum (capacitation). D. stimulating excess build-up of the endometrium which either slows sperm progress through the uterus or makes implantation of a fertilized ovum difficult. E. both B and C 36. Which of the following substances must be present and responded to at the time of sex differentiation of the external genitalia in order for completely normal male external genitalia to develop? A. androgens B. inductor substance C. Mullerian Inhibiting factor D. both A and B E. all of the above 37. At the beginning of each monthly cycle, A. one immature ovum, located in the Graafian follicle, begins the maturation process. B. several immature ova in one ovary (not both ovaries) begin to mature. The ovaries take turns in this process from month to month. C. several immature ova in each ovary begin the maturation process. D. several immature ova in a single follicle called the Graafian follicle begin the maturation process. E. ova that began the maturation process the last month but did not become the Graafian follicle continue the maturation process where they left off. 38. Morning sickness: A. is often talked about as if it is a common part of pregnancy but is experienced by only 5- 10% of all pregnant women. B. is associated with hunger pangs. C. is most likely to occur during the second trimester of pregnancy. D. results when partially digested food backs up into the esophagus as the uterus presses on the stomach. E. both B and C 357 Test 3 (Final) page 5 of 10 39. During pregnancy: A. measuring the level of estrogen in the mom's blood gives some indication of the viability of the fetus. B. measuring the level of progesterone in mom's blood is a direct measure of the viability of the corpus luteum. C. estrogen and progesterone levels stay very low until the last month before delivery when they suddenly increase to very high levels. D. relaxin produced by the placenta acts on the central nervous system of the mom to induce somnolence or tiredness. E. estrogen and progesterone levels stay low until 24 hours prior to the onset of labor when they increase dramatically. 40. Which of the following phases of the uterine monthly cycle is/are correctly matched with the events taking place in the endometrium at that time? A. menses - endometrial cells increase in size and number B. proliferative - endometrial cells die and are sloughed off C. secretory - endometrial cells fill with fats and glycogens D. menses - endometrial cells secrete a substance which kills adjacent cells and ruptures blood vessels E. both C and D 41. Which of the following were found to be related to either greater total childbirth satisfaction or greater satisfaction with self during labor and delivery according to the article by Goodman and her colleagues? A. meeting their expectations for labor and delivery B. having a high level of personal control during labor and delivery C. having nurses who take charge and regulate the woman’s environment and behavior D. both A and B E. both A and C 42. The primordial germ cells: A. develop in the yolk sac. B. are the precursors of all the ova a female will ever have. C. must migrate to the indifferent gonad or ovaries will develop even if the embryo has an XY sex-chromosome complement. D. both A and B E. all of the above 43. According to Tanner’s stages of development, the earliest sign of puberty in girls tends to be: A. menarche. B. the budding of the breasts. C. development of pubic hair. D. the start of the adolescent growth spurt. E. both C and D occur simultaneously. 357 Test 3 (Final) page 6 of 10 44. Emergency contraception: A. typically involves taking multiple doses of prostaglandins to stimulate uterine contractions. B. involves coating the cervix with prostaglandin gel to soften the cervix and then taking multiple doses of synthetic oxytocin to prevent implantation. C. is intended to block ovulation and/or reduce endometrial build-up to prevent implantation. D. works by killing sperm before they reach the fallopian tubes. E. also works to kill viruses that cause most STDs. 45. Tropic hormones are produced by the: A. hypothalamus, and transported along the infindibulum to the posterior pituitary where they are released. B. hypothalamus, and transported along the infindibulum to the anterior pituitary where they are released. C. anterior pituitary, and transported through the hypothalamo-hypophysial duct to the hypothalamus where they stimulate the production of the releasing hormones. D. anterior pituitary in response to releasing hormones released by the hypothalamus. E. posterior pituitary in response to releasing hormones released by the hypothalamus. 46. Which of the following happens when a woman is in the fertile portion of the monthly cycle? A. the cervical mucus becomes slippery and clear B. the cervix rises in the body C. the cervix hardens D. both A and B E. all of the above 47. Which of the following is/are TRUE about the average age of menarche? A. For White girls, the average age of menarche today is 12.9 years. B. On average, White girls experience menarche about 1.5 years earlier than Black girls in the US today. C. The average age of menarche for Black girls in the US has increased as the wealth and status of Blacks in America has increased. D. In the early 1800s, White girls experienced menarche at a much younger age than they do today. E. both A and B 48. Fertilization of the ovum normally occurs: A. in the fundus of the uterus. B. approximately 3 days after ovulation. C. in the isthmus of the fallopian tube at the point where it joins up with the uterus. D. at the ampulla-isthmus junction of the fallopian tube. E. somewhere within the fallopian tube with no single site favored over any other. 357 Test 3 (Final) page 7 of 10