Terminology and Definitions in Political Science and Economics, Quizzes of Conflictology

Download Terminology and Definitions in Political Science and Economics and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 routinization of charisma DEFINITION 1 the transfer of authority from a charismatic figure to either a traditional or a rational-legal form of authority (Max Weber) TERM 2 City-States DEFINITION 2 an independent city whose power radiates outward, bringing the adjacent area under its rule TERM 3 monarchy DEFINITION 3 a form of government headed by a king or queen TERM 4 democracy DEFINITION 4 a government whose authority comes from the people; the term translates literally as "power to the people" TERM 5 revolution DEFINITION 5 armed resistance designed to overthrow and replace a government TERM 6 direct democracy DEFINITION 6 a form of government in which the eligible voters meet together to discuss issues and make their decisions TERM 7 representative democracy DEFINITION 7 a form of democracy in which voters elect representatives to meet together to discuss issues and make decisions on their behalf TERM 8 citizenship DEFINITION 8 the concept that birth (and residence or naturalization) in a country imparts basic rights TERM 9 universal citizenship DEFINITION 9 the idea that everyone has the same basic rights by virtue of being born in a country TERM 10 dictatorship DEFINITION 10 a form of government in which an individual has seized power TERM 21 ruling class DEFINITION 21 another term for power elite TERM 22 war DEFINITION 22 armed conflict between nations or politically distinct groups TERM 23 dehumanization DEFINITION 23 the act or process of reducing people to objects that do not deserve the treatment accorded humans TERM 24 terrorism DEFINITION 24 the use of violence or the threat of violence to produce fear in order to attain political objectives TERM 25 economy DEFINITION 25 a system of producing and distributing goods and services TERM 26 subsistence economy DEFINITION 26 a type of economy in which human groups live off the land and have little or no surplus TERM 27 conspicuous consumption DEFINITION 27 change from Protestant ethic to an eagerness to show off wealth by the consumption of goods (Thorstein Veblen) TERM 28 capitalism DEFINITION 28 an economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition TERM 29 laissez-faire capitalism DEFINITION 29 unrestrained manufacture and trade ("hands off") TERM 30 welfare (state capitalism) DEFINITION 30 an economic system in which individuals own the means of production but the state regulates many economic activities for the welfare of the production TERM 31 market forces DEFINITION 31 the law of supply and demand TERM 32 democratic socialism DEFINITION 32 a hybrid economic system in which the individual ownership of businesses is mixed with the state ownership of industries thought essential to the public welfare, such as the postal service and the delivery of medicine and utilities TERM 33 socialism DEFINITION 33 an economic system characterized by the public ownership of the means of production, central planning, and the distribution of goods without a profit motive TERM 34 convergence theory DEFINITION 34 the view that as capitalist and socialist economic systems each adopt features of the other, a hybrid economic system will emerge TERM 35 corporation DEFINITION 35 a business enterprise whose assets, liabilities, and obligations are separate from those of its owners; as a legal entity, it can enter into contracts, assume debt, and sue and be sued