Family Health: Factors and Measures for Addressing Childhood Obesity, Exams of Nursing

Download Family Health: Factors and Measures for Addressing Childhood Obesity and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Test bank Exam 2 Graded A+ Verified Answers 100%Complete Updated 2024 1. When preparing for a class on family and family health, which of the following would the instructor include as the most appropriate description of family? A) The members of the family are self-defined. B) Persons are related by a common bloodline. C) Persons are involved in the same social community groups. D) Individuals live in close proximity to one another. Ans: A - ANSThe members of a family are self-defined. Family structure is unique, and whoever makes up a family in any particular household is considered by them a family. This is regardless of bloodlines or social groups. Just because people live in close proximity does not define them as a family 2. A community health nurse is preparing to assess a family. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse need to integrate into the assessment as universal? Select all that apply. A) The family members are stuck in one stage of development. B) Cultural values and rules C) Every family has structure. D) Every family is a small social system. E) No particular structure, as families are dynamic - ANSAns: B, C, D Feedback: Characteristics universal to all families include that every family is a small social system, moves through stages in its life cycle, has its own cultural values and rules, has structure, and has certain basic functions. 2. A community health nurse is presenting a program to a local elementary parent-teacher association on the topic of pediculosis. The nurse determines that the group needs additional teaching when they identify which of the following as a likely mode of transmission? A) Coming into contact with an animal B) Combing hair with another's comb C) Using a towel of an infected child D) Sleeping in a friend's bed who had lice - ANSAns : A Feedback: Head lice are most often transmitted by direct contact (head-to-head) or may be passed from infected to uninfected children through shared items such as combs and brushes, hats, scarves, sheets, and towels (called fomites). Contrary to some popular myths, lice do not fly or jump, and they cannot be contracted from animals—they live only on humans. 2. After a class describing the contributions of Florence Nightingale to epidemiology, the instructor determines that the class needs additional instruction when they state which of the following is associated with Nightingale? A) Establishment of the need for a clean environment B) A sophisticated coding system for medical conditions C) Proper wound cleansing and bandaging techniques D) Separation of infected individuals from those injured - ANSAns: B Feedback: Nightingale's colleague, William Farr, is credited for developing a more sophisticated system for coding medical conditions. Nightingale's contributions included establishing the need for a clean environment, properly cleaning wounds and bandaging them, and separating infected soldiers from those who were injured. 2. Which one of the following statements about low-birth-weight and very-low-birth-weight babies is most accurate? A) Low-birth-weight is more common in Whites and Hispanics than African Americans. B) Birth weight is one of the most important predictors of infant mortality. C) The incidence of low-birth-weight in the United States is decreasing in relation to the increase in multiple births. D) Recent trends in very-low-birth-weight babies show that they continue to have morbidity with significant increases in survival. - ANSAns: B Feedback: Birth weight is one of the most important predictors of infant mortality. Low birth weight is more common in African Americans than in Whites and Hispanics. The overall incidence of low-birth-weight is increasing slightly, which can be explained by increased multiple births. Recent trends in very-low-birth-weight babies show that they continue to have morbidity with no significant increases in survival. 3. A community health nurse is applying the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations when evaluating a local community. Which of the following would the nurse include as an enabling factor? A) Insurance B) Acculturation C) Knowledge of disease D) Marital status - ANSAns: A Feedback: Enabling factors include personal and family resources, as well as community resources (e.g., income, insurance, social support, region, health services resources, public benefits, transportation, telephone, crime rates, social services resources). Acculturation, knowledge of disease, and marital status are examples of predisposing factors. A) Families are part of a larger suprasystem that includes many subsystems. B) Family members are independent. C) A family is greater than the sum of all its parts. D) A change within the family system not only affects the individual member but all of the family members. E) Families cannot be visualized as a mobile in which all of the pieces are suspended freely by a string. - ANSa c d 5. Which of the following statements apply to the concept of causality? Select all that apply. A) Causality is the relationship between cause and effect. B) The chain of causation is the most recent theory of causality. C) The web of causation theory is the most recent theory of causality. D) The chain of causation clearly explains causation in noninfectious disease. E) Epidemiology has changed its view of causality over time. - ANSAns: A, C, E 6. When the nursing student identifies the concept of community as client as which of the following the instructor knows that the student has grasped this concept? A) The community is comprised of individual clients. B) The community is comprised of families. C) The community is a group or population of people as the focus of nursing service. D) The community cannot be a client. Persons who are hospitalized are patients. - ANSC 6. Which one of the following statements about the definition of family is most accurate? A) The United Nations defines family "as the basic unit of society." B) The United States Census recognized that there have been many changes in families in the last 50 years due to societal forces such as delayed marriage and childbearing, smaller family sizes, increases in divorce rate and migration. C) The United Nations views families as "a householder and one or more other persons living in the same household who are regarded as members of his or her family." D) A family could be a single person residing in his or her own household. - ANSa 7. A community health nurse determines that a family is stressed beyond its limits. The nurse identifies that which attribute is being affected? A) Family boundaries B) Goal-directed behavior C) Interdependency D) Adaptive behavior - ANSAns: D Feedback: With each new set of pressures, the family shifts and accommodates to regain balance and maintain a normal lifestyle. Family boundaries can include outside influences (permeable) or not (limiting). Goal-directed behavior is manifested by the purpose of establishing and maintaining a milieu that promotes the development of their members. Interdependency is manifested by each member's actions affecting the other members. 7. A community health nurse is integrating the epidemiology of wellness into practice. Which of the following would the nurse include? A) Lifestyle with its self-created risks B) Communicable disease control C) The natural history of disease D) Vital statistics and reportable diseases - ANSAns: A Feedback: Today there is an increased focus on lifestyle behaviors and how they relate to a person's state of wellness or illness. It is a basic component of a wellness model. Communicable disease control focuses on an illness state, not a wellness state, and is not part of a wellness model. The four states of the natural history of a disease or health condition is not part of the wellness model. Vital statistics and reportable diseases are not part of the wellness model. 7. A community health nurse is teaching a group of parents about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which statement by the parents would indicate the need for additional teaching? A) "We probably will need to give him medication to help him in school." B) "We need to keep him away from foods that have additives in them." C) "This condition is most likely due to problems with genes and nerve receptors." D) "We'll be alert to the possibility of more injuries and accidents." Ans - ANSB Feedback: While a number of parents feel that sugar and food coloring or additives may worsen ADHD symptoms in their children, research shows no behavioral or learning differences in double-blind studies with sugar and sugar substitutes. Medications are commonly used, with the primary goal of improving academics. New research is focusing on inherited tendencies for problems with dopamine receptors and transporter genes, supporting a neurologic basis for the condition. Children with ADHD are more prone to accidents and injuries. 7. When describing the causes of vulnerability to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor include? A) Vulnerable populations are fairly similar across the nation and globally. B) Statistics about vulnerable populations are highly accurate. C) The most important causative factor is race or ethnicity. D) Many of the factors and conditions suggest vulnerability overlap. - ANSAns: D Feedback: Many of the factors and conditions contribute to vulnerability overlap, making it difficult to obtain accurate data and statistics for each group or category. Although there are some similarities and consistencies in terms of vulnerable populations, the factors vary. They also are interactive, making it difficult to determine which factor or cause is considered most important. 8. The community health nurse is determining the health of a community by examining status. Which of the following would the nurse examine? A) Leading causes of death and illness B) Adequacy of health services C) Socioeconomic distributions D) Strengths of the community - ANSA 8. The nurse is examining the possibility that multiple factors are involved in the development of a disorder. The nurse is applying which of the following? A) Chain of causation B) Web of causation C) Strength of association D) Temporality - ANSAns: B 8. Which definition of family is most inclusive and yet the simplest? A) Families are the primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being. B) Families consist of two or more individuals who share a residence or live near one another. C) Families possess some common emotional bond and engage in interrelated social positions, roles, and tasks. D) Families are defined by the members. - ANSAns: D Feedback: The definition of family that is the most inclusive and the simplest is "family is whoever they say it is." The World Health Organization characterized the family as "the primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being." Many family theorists suggest that a family consists of two or more individuals who share a residence or live near one another; possess some common emotional bond; engage in interrelated social positions, roles, and tasks; and share cultural ties and a sense of affection and belonging. 9. When assessing a family, which of the following would lead the nurse to question the health of a family? A) Role relationships are inflexible. B) Coping is actively attempted. C) Family members communicate regularly. D) The family lacks regular links with the broader community. - ANSAns: D Feedback: In a healthy family, role relationships are structured effectively so that they can change with changing family needs. Active coping, regular family communication, and regular links with the broader community reflect a healthy family. 10. The nurse educator knows that a nursing student understands the basics of immunity when the student nurse states A) herd immunity only pertains to cows. B) active immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. C) passive immunity can be attained via the use of vaccines. advance of the class meeting, the nursing student learns that which of the following are important related to the family life cycle? Select all that apply. A) The developmental stages that apply to individual growth are unrelated to those of families. B) A family's composition, set of roles, and interpersonal relationships change with time. C) It is appropriate for community health nurses to provide anticipatory guidance for families. D) There are two broad stages in the family life cycle: one of expansion and one of contraction. E) Stage critical family developmental tasks can be completed in any order. - ANSAns: B, C, D Feedback: A family's composition, set of roles, and interpersonal relationships change with time. It is appropriate for community health nurses to provide anticipatory guidance for families. There are two broad stages in the family life cycle: one of expansion and one of contraction. The developmental stages of individual growth also apply to families. Stage critical family developmental tasks must be completed in order before moving onto the next stage. 12. Which of the following statements about risk is true? Select all that apply. A) Risk is the probability that a disease or unfavorable health condition will develop. B) Risk means that the person who has the most negative influences will definitely develop the disease or unfavorable health condition. C) Risk refers to positive and negative influences on a person's likelihood of developing a specific disease. D) Risk can be measured using the relative risk ratio, which is based on the ratio of incidence in an exposed group to incidence rate in unexposed group. E) Risk is unimportant when determining the most effective points for community health intervention. - ANSAns: A, C, D Feedback: Risk is the probability that a disease or unfavorable health condition will develop. Risk also refers to positive and negative influences on a person's likelihood of developing a specific disease. Relative risk ratio is a calculation of risk consisting of the ratio of incidence in an exposed group to incidence rate in unexposed group. Risk does not mean that the person who has the most negative influences will definitely develop the disease or unfavorable health condition, but it refers to the probability that the person will develop the disease or unfavorable health condition. The relative risk ratio assists in determining the most effective points for community health intervention in regard to particular health problems. 13. A pregnant woman with hypertensive disease comes to the community health center for follow up. Which of the following would be appropriate to include when teaching the woman about controlling her blood pressure at this time? A) Ensuring rest periods with legs elevated B) Limiting her daily intake of fluid C) Restricting intake of fresh fruits D) Encouraging additional weight gain - ANSAns: A Feedback: Various methods are employed to attempt to prevent and control hypertension during pregnancy, namely, a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, adequate fluid intake, weight gain limitations, rest, and regular exercise. These remain the most common preventive suggestions that community health nurses, in collaboration with the clients' primary health care providers, can give to their pregnant clients. A calm environment, along with periods of rest with the pregnant woman either elevating her feet or reclining in a left side-lying position, is also recommended. 13. When completing a community assets assessment, the community health nurse would gather information about which of the following? A) Key informants B) Strengths of the community C) Specific problem of the community D) Overall life of the community - ANSAns: B Feedback: An assets assessment focuses on the strengths and capacities of a community rather than its problems. Key informants are important sources of information with a comprehensive assessment. Information about a specific health problem is gathered during a problem-oriented assessment. Information about an overall view of the community and its life is gathered with a familiarization or windshield survey. 13. Which of the following are examples of the family life cycle stage of expansion? Select all that apply. A) The family of four welcomes the newborn into their family. B) The head of a family of four dies. C) The single mother of one marries and the new spouse has two children. D) The family of four's eldest daughter and her child return to the family home after divorce. E) The parents in a family of four divorce and one parent lives elsewhere. - ANSAns: A, C, D Feedback: Examples of the family life cycle stage of expansion are as follows: The family of four welcomes the newborn into their family; the single mother of one marries and the new spouse has two children; and the family of four's eldest daughter and her child return to the family home after divorce. The head of a family of four's death and the divorce and moving away of one parent are examples of the family life cycle stage of contraction. 13. While visiting a family's home, the community health nurse finds out that the two children in the home were exposed to chickenpox. Assessment of the children reveals no signs of fever or lesions. The nurse determines that the children may be in which stage of the disease? A) Susceptibility B) Subclinical disease C) Clinical disease D) Resolution - ANSAns: B Feedback: The children have been exposed but have not yet developed the signs of chickenpox. Therefore, they are in the subclinical disease stage. During the susceptibility stage, the disease is not present and individuals have not been exposed. During the clinical stage, signs and symptoms areDuring the clinical stage, signs and symptoms are beginning to develop. During the resolution stage, the disease causes sufficient anatomic or functional changes to produce recognizable signs and symptoms. 14. During which stage of the natural history of a communicable disease would quarantine be most effective? A) Susceptibility stage B) Subclinical disease stage C) Clinical disease stage D) Resolution stage - ANSAns: A Feedback: Quarantine is the isolation of persons who are susceptible to a communicable disease and have been exposed to that communicable disease until the incubation period of the subclinical disease stage has passed. Quarantining persons during the susceptibility stage itself is not indicated as individuals have not been exposed. The proper action for persons who are in the clinical disease stage and beyond is isolation until the danger of spreading the communicable disease has passed. 14. Nursing students in a community health nursing course identified toxic waste disposal to be a major problem in their community. The most cost-effective type of community assessment to determine the extent of the problem and the resources available to handle it would be a A) familiarization assessment. B) community subsystem assessment. C) problem-oriented assessment. D) comprehensive community assessment. - ANSAns: C Feedback: The problem-oriented assessment is commonly used when familiarization is not sufficient and a comprehensive assessment is too expensive and not needed and a subsystem assessment is too narrow to determine the extent of the problem. 15. The nurse is reviewing actual census data for information for use in an epidemiologic study. Which of the following would the nurse be least likely to find? A) Occupational status B) Housing quality C) Births recorded D) Educational level - ANSAns: C Feedback: Vital statistic data provides information about the number of births recorded. Census data includes information about age, sex, race, ethnic background, type of occupation, income gradient, marital status, educational level, and other standards such as housing quality. If the nurse is reviewing actual census data, the nurse would be least likely to find births recorded, which is vital statistics. 16. A community health nurse is collecting data about the family's demographics. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. B) Outcomes of the interventions C) Development of performance standards D) Impact on the clients' health - ANSAns: A Feedback: The focus of formative evaluation is on process during the actual interventions. It uses performance standards that are developed to determine what is working and not working. Summative evaluation focuses on the outcome of the interventions and examines the programs' impact on clients' health. 19. A community health nurse is involved in a screening program for lead exposure. The nurse would target this program primarily to which age group? A) Birth to -year-olds B) - to 3-year-olds C) 3- to 5-year-olds D) 5- to 7-year-olds - ANSAns: B Feedback: The critical age of lead exposure (or peak level) is thought to be between 18 and 36 months. Levels generally begin to decline after age 3. 19. A community health nurse is participating in a case-control observational study. Which of the following would most likely explain this type of study? A) Description of patterns of occurrence of illness and injury in a population B) Investigation of development of health-illness conditions over a long period of time C) Studying of a cohort with evaluation of variables associated with the disease or injury D) Comparison of persons with and without a health-illness condition - ANSAns: D Feedback: Comparing persons with and without a certain condition is known as a case-control study. A study that describes patterns of occurrence in a population is a descriptive study. Following people over a long period of time is a longitudinal study. And cohorts are groups studied over time. 20. After teaching a group of students about the various types of epidemiologic research studies that can be done, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students describe a community trial as which of the following? A) A type of experimental study conducted at the community level B) An inexpensive type of analytic research study C) A study that gathers volunteers for the experimental group D) A way to locate health problems in a variety of communities - ANSAns: A Feedback: A community trial is conducted as an experimental study design with large populations. Some of the community receives a treatment, while the other part does not. This is probably the most expensive type of experimental study. 21. When using descriptive epidemiology, which type of study would the community health nurse expect to include? A) Prevalence study B) Case-control study C) Cohort study D) Count study - ANSAns: D Feedback: Descriptive epidemiology includes investigations that seek to observe and describe patterns of health-related conditions that occur naturally in a population. The simplest measure of a description is a count. Prevalence, case-control, and cohort studies are types of studies involved with analytical research. 24. As one aspect of ensuring adequate brain development in a child, a community health nurse would encourage the intake of which during the first 2 years of life? - ANSB A community health nurse is developing a program that would encourage mothers to use breast- feeding exclusively for their babies' nutrition for the first 6 months. The nurse bases this program on the understanding about which of the following? - ANSAns: C Feedback: Approximately 1.3 million infants would survive annually if mothers were able to exclusively breast-feed their infants for 6 months. The lack of breast-feeding is related to decreased survival and increased morbidity from infections, lower intelligence test scores, increased cardiac risk factors, and inadequate nutrition. The superiority of breast milk and lower costs would not be factors for developing a community health program for breast-feeding. Exclusive breast-feeding is not associated with decreasing maternal mortality rates. A community health nurse is engaged in provision of care to clients in a clinic setting at the local health department. This nurse is engaging in which core public health function? - ANSAssurance A community subsystem assessment focuses on - ANSone dimension of community life. An instructor is preparing a class presentation on landmark health legislation. Which of the following would the instructor include as the most significant legislation that attempts to ensure access to health care for Americans? - ANSPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act epidemiologic triad model - ANSHost, agent, and environment he community health nurse is assessing the health of a community by reviewing the dimension of process. Which of the following is true of this dimension? A) Process of a community refers to its services and resources. B) Process reflects the community's ability to function effectively. C) It usually consists of morbidity and mortality data. D) It refers to the physical, emotional and social determinants of health. - ANSB Feedback: Process reflects the community's ability to function effectively. Structure of a community refers to its services and resources. Status/people dimension usually refers to the morbidity and mortality data and the physical, emotional, and social determinants of health. Medicare - ANSMedicare is a federal health insurance program and covers citizens and some legal aliens who are over 65 years old (not a State program). It also covers people with permanent disabilities or chronic renal disease at any age. Medicare Part A covers medically necessary hospitalization, home care, hospice services, and limited-skilled nursing service. Prescriptions are covered under Medicare Part D. Medicare Part B is supplementary and voluntary. Medicare beneficiaries can make changes to their coverage during open enrollment periods. reflects the community's ability to function effectively. - ANSprocess Status/people dimension usually refers to - ANSmortality and morbidity and the physical, emotional, and social determinants of health. structure of community refers to - ANSservices and resources The nurse educator knows that the nursing student has grasped the concept of the stages in the life cycle of a family when the nursing student identifies which one of the following statements as accurate? - ANSA) Families are either contracting or expanding. B) Families always remain static over time. C) The stages of expansion and contraction may be repeated in some families. D) In the contraction stage of the family life cycle, the number of family members increases. Ans: C Feedback: The stages of expansion and contraction may be repeated in some families. Families may go for a long time without contracting or expanding. Families do not always remain static over time. In the contraction stage of the family life cycle, the number of family members decreases. When describing managed competition as a potential solution to resolve the health care crisis, which of the following would be included? Managed competition would A) promote cost containment and universal access to health care. B) eliminate burdensome government regulations. C) reduce state and federal control over health care delivery. D) discourage consumers from making responsible choices. Ans: A - ANSA Managed competition ideally would promote cost containment and universal access to health care. Governmental regulations and control would still be present as would insurance companies. Managed care would encourage consumers to make responsible choices.