Neuroanatomy and Physiology: Nervous System Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Physiology

Download Neuroanatomy and Physiology: Nervous System Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Interneurons DEFINITION 1 Most are multipolar Lie entirely with in the CNS Shuttles signals through CNS pathways where intergration takes place. TERM 2 Motor/effernt DEFINITION 2 All are multipolar Transmit inpulses/signals/messages/APs from CNS to effector organs (muscles & glands) TERM 3 Postganglionic Fibers DEFINITION 3 Neuron whose cell body lies in PNS. Binds neurotransmitters released fromthe preganglia fiber axon extends to the effector organ releases neurotransmitters that binds to receptors on effector organ. TERM 4 Myesthenia Gravis DEFINITION 4 Autoimmune disease (body destroyes its own Ach receptors on skeletal muscel). Not all Ach molecules released are able to bind to a functioning receptor to stimulate contration (more Ach is inactivated by Ach-estrase than is used to contribute to muscle function. Often treated with Neostigmine (Ach-esterase blocker) Allows Ach to stay active in the NMJ longer: Increases the stimulation of functioning receptors. TERM 5 Monitor Sensory input DEFINITION 5 Function of the nervous system where "input" is stimuli. TERM 6 Intergrates Input DEFINITION 6 Function of the nervous system where processes and intercepts stimuli and decides on a response (in necessary) TERM 7 Sensory/Afferent DEFINITION 7 Mostly bipolar & unipolar transmit APs from sensory receptors in the skin or viscern to CNS. TERM 8 Unipolar Neuron (pseudounipolar) DEFINITION 8 1 process coming from cell body that devides into 2 branches. Peripheral Process (PP) - associated with sensory nerve ending (receptors) in periphery. Central Process (CP) - enters CNS TERM 9 Bipolar Neurons DEFINITION 9 1 axon and 1 dendrite extending from cell body (dendrite may branch) rare and specialized; receptor in retina and olfactory mucosa. TERM 10 Multipolar Neurons DEFINITION 10 3 or more processes. Most common type. All somatic efferent. TERM 21 Preganglionic Fibers DEFINITION 21 Neuron whose cell body (soma) lies with in CNS (brain or spinal cord). Releases neurotransmitters that travels across neuroneuronal synapse and binds to a 2nd neuron. TERM 22 Fast Oxidative Fibers (walking a long distance) DEFINITION 22 Intermediate between slow oxidative and fast glyocolytic. Fast speed of contraction uses oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis for ATP production. Has glycogen (glyocsomes) and Oxygen (myoglobin) stores. Pink in color moderatly fatigue resistant. TERM 23 Fast Glycolytic Fiber (lifting heavy load) DEFINITION 23 Myosin ATP ases work fast; fast speed of contraction. Uses glycolysis to generate ATP. White in color (no need for oxygen = no need for myoglobin) Very susceptible to fatigue because of limited glycogen stores (used for short term/intense moves) TERM 24 Slow Oxidative Fibers (long distance running) DEFINITION 24 Myosin ATP ases work slow therefore we have a slow speed of contraction. Uses oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production. Red in color due to myoglobin stores (store oxygen). Relatively fatigue - resistant and have high endurance. TERM 25 Aerobic Respiration/ Oxidative Phosphorylation DEFINITION 25 Muscle metabolism pathway that requires oxygen pyruvic acid from glycolysis is transferred into the Kreb's cycle. (within the mitochondria high energy bonds are broken and ATP is released) Yeild - 34 ATP (plus original 2 from glycolysis) TERM 26 Anaerobic Respiration/Glycolysis DEFINITION 26 Muscle Metabolism pathway that does not require oxygen. Involves the catobolism of glucose that has been obtained from blood or from the breaking down of glycogen stroes in muscles (within glycosomes). The glucose is broken down into ATP and pyruvic acid. Yeild - 2 ATP molecules. TERM 27 Direct Phosphorylation of ADP of Creatine Phosphate DEFINITION 27 The muscle metabolism pathway where Creatine Phosphate (CP) is an extremely high energy molecule. Stored in muscle, 1st source of energy. Rxn: Creatine + ADP -> Creatine + ATP phosphate. (CK=creatine kinase enzyme that adds a P group to ADP) Yeild ~ 1 ATP molecule TERM 28 Muscle Metabolism (3 pathways) DEFINITION 28 Continous muscle contaction requires continous ATP production TERM 29 Adrenergic Receptors DEFINITION 29 Binds and respnds to epi and norepi. 4 subclasses Alpha1 and Alpha2 Beta1 and Beta2 TERM 30 Cholinergic Receptor DEFINITION 30 Binds and responds to Ach. 5 Subclasses: Nicotinic (N1, N2) Muscarinic (M1, M2, M3) TERM 31 Adrenergic Fibers DEFINITION 31 Neurons that release epinephrine and norepinephrine TERM 32 Cholinergic Fibers DEFINITION 32 Neurons that release Ach. TERM 33 Adrenergic DEFINITION 33 Associated with epinephrine and norepinephrine. (adrenaline = epinephrine; no adrenaline = norepinephrine) TERM 34 Cholinergic DEFINITION 34 Associated with acetylcholine. TERM 35 Motor/Efferent DEFINITION 35 Carries signals (APs) from CNS to effector organs (sensory output) results in the concentration of muscle or grandular secretion.