Understanding Human Development: Terms, Approaches, and Processes, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Understanding Human Development: Terms, Approaches, and Processes and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Development DEFINITION 1 the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span TERM 2 Traditional approach DEFINITION 2 emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little to no change in adulthood, and decline in old age TERM 3 Lifespan approach DEFINITION 3 - from conception to natural death; emphasizes developmental change throughout childhood and adulthood TERM 4 Lifespan DEFINITION 4 based on oldest age documented; species specific; humans currently 122 years TERM 5 Life expectancy DEFINITION 5 average number of years that a person can expect to live; currently 78 years for humans; based on year you were born and changes over time. TERM 6 Life long DEFINITION 6 Early adulthood is not the endpoint of development; No age period dominates TERM 7 Multidimensional DEFINITION 7 Consists of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions; Multiple components within each dimension TERM 8 Multidirectional DEFINITION 8 Some dimensions (or components of a dimension) expand, and others shrink; language: we get better as we get older but our ability to learn it is better the younger we are; Height: we get taller as we develop then we get shorter as we get old; Our brains processing speed first increases then decreases as we age TERM 9 Multidisciplinary DEFINITION 9 Development is of interest to psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers TERM 10 Contextual DEFINITION 10 All development occurs within a context (setting); each setting is influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors; three types of contextual influences TERM 21 Amniocentesis DEFINITION 21 samples amniotic fluid to test for chromosomal or metabolic disorders; done only after maternal blood screening is found abnormal. TERM 22 Maternal Blood Screening DEFINITION 22 identifies pregnancies with elevated risk for certain birth defects; usually one of the first test TERM 23 Sickle Cell Anemia DEFINITION 23 - impaired red blood; cells die more quickly; more often found in African Americans; sickle shaped not round TERM 24 PKU DEFINITION 24 inability to metabolize phenylalanine; test when prick a newborn babys foot TERM 25 Teratogen DEFINITION 25 any agent that can cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes TERM 26 Chronological Age DEFINITION 26 number of years that have elapsed since birth TERM 27 Biological Age DEFINITION 27 a persons age in terms of biological health; Ex. Pergeria age 10X the rate of normal people; 30 yr old smoker has the heart of a 50 yr old; 50 yr old marathon runner has the heart of a 30 yr old. TERM 28 Psychological Age DEFINITION 28 has to do with maturity and adaptive capacity (enhanced or delayed); an individuals adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age; Ex. Child who lost a parent early developed problem solving skills faster than other children; downs syndrome patient lacks skills of others. TERM 29 Social Age DEFINITION 29 social responsibilities or roles (know examples); social roles and expectations related to a persons age TERM 30 Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) DEFINITION 30 egg and sperm deposited directly into fallopian tube; fertilization takes place once in fallopian tube; earliest stage TERM 31 Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) DEFINITION 31 eggs fertilized in lab then zygote deposited into fallopian tube TERM 32 In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) DEFINITION 32 egg and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish; fertilized egg is transferred to womans uterus; must be used if the cause of infertility is scar tissue in fallopian tube TERM 33 Identical Twin DEFINITION 33 from one egg and sperm; (monozygotic) twins develop from a single zygote that splits into two TERM 34 Fraternal Twin DEFINITION 34 two eggs and two sperm; simply brother and sister; (dizygotic) twins develop from separate eggs and sperm TERM 35 Childbirth Stage One DEFINITION 35 uterine contractions begin at 15 to 20 minutes apart and last up to 1 minute, becoming closer and more intense with time; Causes the cervix to stretch and open to about 10 cm; This stage lasts an average of 12 to 14 hours