Psychology: Attribution, Sleep Disorders, Substance Abuse, and Personality Disorders, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Attribution DEFINITION 1 inferences about the causes of people's behaviors TERM 2 Situational Attributions DEFINITION 2 decide that person's behavior was caused by a temporary situation TERM 3 Dispositional Attributions DEFINITION 3 decide that a person's behavior was caused by his/her tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way TERM 4 Correspondence Bias (Fundamental Attribution Error) DEFINITION 4 make dispositional attribution even when behavior was caused by a situation TERM 5 Actor-Observer Effect DEFINITION 5 make situational attributions for own behaviors, but make dispositional attributions for the same behavior as others TERM 6 DEFINITION 6 Co-variation Model3 types of info used to make a situational or dispositional attribution: consensus (how others behave) consistency (performed regularly by X?) distinctiveness (X's behavior in current situation different than in others?) TERM 7 Insomnia Disorder DEFINITION 7 causes: stress alcohol/drugs medical issue trouble falling asleep and staying asleep throughout the night TERM 8 Hyper-somnolence Disorder DEFINITION 8 often caused by sleep apnea (waking up unknowingly throughout the night- lack of sleep), so in response person sleeps too much during the day TERM 9 Nightmare Disorder DEFINITION 9 wake up in terror, but don't recall a dream TERM 10 Hypnosis DEFINITION 10 heightened stage of suggestibilityDOESN'T include sleep or succumbing of the weak-willedDOES include: obeying near impossible commands staying in uncomfortable positions hypermnesia (increase in memories)? Age regression Consciousness splitting- out of body experience TERM 21 Social Anxiety Disorder DEFINITION 21 fear of being in a public situation that could potentially involve humiliation- causes problems in everyday lifeFear of: speech conversation with new people- daily social interactions TERM 22 Panic Disorder DEFINITION 22 person gets panic attacks- reacting as if there's an emergency when there isn'tPossible recurrence of 4 out of the following symptoms: shortness of breath dizziness chills or hot flashes numbness fear of losing control 75% are females TERM 23 Agoraphobia DEFINITION 23 anxiety in situations where the person perceives certain environments as dangerous or uncomfortable, often due to the environment's vast openness or crowdednessFear of being: on public transportation in open areas in enclosed places away from home alone TERM 24 Generalized Anxiety Disorder DEFINITION 24 excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worrylasts about 6 months- difficult to control3 of these symptoms must occur: restlessness easy fatigue difficulty concentrating irritability muscle tension sleep disturbance TERM 25 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder DEFINITION 25 intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry; by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety; or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsionsObsessions: senseless thoughts/impulses constantly racing through headCompulsions: Action for the obsession- helps neutralize anxiety- unreasonable60% washers- avoid disease30% checkers- avoid catastrophe10% others- ex- hoarders/counters TERM 26 Schizophrenia DEFINITION 26 problems with thought processes and by poor emotional responses TERM 27 Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 27 Delusions- fixed beliefs that don't change in presence of contradictory evidenceDifferent types of delusions: Persecutory- believe harm is coming to him/her Referential- public communication directed toward him/her (coded message) Grandiose- believe he/her has special abilities, wealth, or fame Erotomanic- believe someone is in love with him/her Nihilistic- believe catastrophe will occur TERM 28 Formal thought disorder DEFINITION 28 disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech"Word salad"inhcoherence TERM 29 Perceptual Symptoms of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 29 Vivid/clear hallucinationsCatatonic behavior classic catatonic= rigid bizarre posture for hours mutism/stupor= not talking/responding purposeless motor activity negativism- resisting instructions TERM 30 Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 30 Alogia- loss of speechAnhedonia- loss of pleasureAsociality- loss of motivation to engage in social interactionsAvolation- decrease in motivation TERM 31 Somatic Disorders DEFINITION 31 Person has mistaken perception of the physical body with no ground in physical reality (injured when not)COMMON SYMPTOMS: pain- after injury is over sexual/reproductive- sex hurts more, irregular period Pseudo-neurological- amnesia/seizures Cardiopulmonary- throbbing veins/racing heart TERM 32 Conversion Disorder DEFINITION 32 real impairment without a found physical cause TERM 33 Factitious Disorder DEFINITION 33 person lies about symptoms when person isn't delusional TERM 34 Paraphilia DEFINITION 34 intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individualsTYPES: Voyeuristic Disorder: spying on someone in sexual position (peeping tom) Exhibitionist Disorder- aroused by revealing themselves Frottueristic Disorder- arousal by rubbing on other people Sadism/Masochism- arousal by giving/receiving pain or humiliation Pedophilia- aroused by children Fetishistic- arousal by inanimate obj. or nonsexual body part Transvestic- arousal by dressing in clothes of opposite sex (not gay) TERM 35 Dissociative Disorders DEFINITION 35 involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity or perception