Download English Grammar Guide: Parts of Speech, Sentence Diagramming, and More - Prof. Kevin P. Co and more Study notes English Language in PDF only on Docsity! The Basics of Grammar Parts of Speech 1) Noun 2) Pronoun 3) Verb 4) Adjective 5) Adverb 6) Preposition 7) Conjunction 8) Interjection Ex. 1 They were pure in heart, and so they could be trusted. Ex. 2 To label and punish unconscious bias as though it wore a hood may well be offensive. Nouns 1) Case Nominative Objective Possessive 2) Number Singular Plural 3) Person 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person 4) Syntax The function of the noun within the sentence (Subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object of the preposition, appositive) 5) Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Nouns: Case and Syntax 1) Nominative = Subject Subject complement Direct address Appositive (of the above) 2) Objective = Direct object Indirect object Object of the preposition Appositive (of the above) 3) Possessive = Nouns showing possession Nouns: Possessive 1) Singular = ’s Ex. The boy’s bike. (One boy) 2) Plural = s’ Ex. The boys’ bike. (More than one boy) Or, for nouns that don’t form their plural with an S = ’s Ex. The children’s bike. Both moose’s bike. (Children and moose are already plural). Personal Pronouns 1) Nominative I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 2) Objective me, you, him, her, it, you, them 3) Possessive my, mine, your(s), his, her, hers, its, our(s), your(s), their(s) Compound personal pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves ex. He built the stage itself. (Intensifies object) He built the stage himself. (Intensifies subject) He built himself a stage. (Reflexive) Verbs 1) Tense Present Present Perfect Past Past Perfect Future Future Perfect 2) Voice Active Passive 3) Form Simple (“I swim”) Progressive (“I am swimming”) Emphatic (“I do swim”) 4) Mood Indicative (Making a statement/ asking a question) Imperative (Command) Subjunctive (Expressing a wish, an uncertainty, resolution) 5) Transitive or Intransitive Transitive = a verb that needs a direct object to make its meaning clear Intransitive= a verb that doesn’t need a direct object Conjugation of the verb “To Love” Active Passive Present I love I am loved Past I loved I was loved Future I shall loveI shall be loved Pres. Perf. I have loved I have been loved Past Perf. I had loved I had been loved Future Perf. I shall have loved I shall have been loved Present I am loving I am being loved Past I was loving I was being loved Future I shall be loving Pres. Perf. I have been loving Past Perf. I had been loving Future Perf. I shall have been loving Present I do love Past I did love Simple Forms Progressive Forms Emphatic Forms Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. They answer questions like “what one” and “what kind of.” Ex. Buenos Aires is a delightful, modern, South American city. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer questions like “where,” “when, “why,” “how,” or “how long.” Ex. Buenos Aires is a delightfully modern, quintessentially South American city. Prepositions Aboard Before FromTo About Behind In Towards Above Below Into Under Across Beneath Like Underneath After Beside Near Until Against Between Of Up AlongBeyond Off Upon Amid ByOn With Among Down Onto Within Around During Over Without As Except Past At For Through Conjunctions There are 7 coordinating conjunctions in English: And But Or SoFor Nor Yet There are also a number of subordinating conjunctions: After As long as In order that Unless Wherever Although As soon as Since Until While As Because So that When As if Before Than Whenever As though If Though Where
