Download Anatomy of the Brain: Meninges, Ventricles, Brainstem, and Cerebellum and more Lab Reports Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! Lab Activity 15 The Brain Portland Community College BI 232 2 Brain Meninges: Dura Mater • Continuous with the spinal meninges • Dura mater: An outer and inner fibrous connective tissue • Outer later is fused to the periosteum of the cranial bones (no epidural space) • Between the layers are tissue fluids, blood vessels and venous sinuses. • Venous sinuses are large collecting veins. • Venous sinuses drain into the internal jugular veins
Superior sagittal
sinus
Inferior
Falx cerebri sagittal sinus Cranium
(b) Falx cerebelli
6 Brain Meninges: Arachnoid & Pia Mater • Arachnoid mater consists of the arachnoid membrane and fibers of the arachnoid trabeculae that attach to the pia mater • Pia mater: attached to the surface of the brain, anchored by processes of astrocytes • Contains branches of cerebral blood vessels that penetrate the surface of the brain. • CSF is between these two membranes in the subarachnoid space Ventricles
Cerebral hemispheres
Mesencephalic
aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Medulla oblongata
Central canal
Spinal cord
(a) (b)
Lateral geniculate |
Cerebral nucleus
Medial geniculate
Optic es : A nucleus
Superior colliculus |
Inferior colliculus _|
Superior cerebellar |
peduncle
__ Middle cerebellar
peduncle
Inferior cerebellar
|- Diencephalon
|- Mesencephalon
i-Metencephalon
peduncle
oblongata
(a) Lateral view
Choroid plexus
Third ventricle
Thalamus
Pineal gland
Infundibulum = Optic chiasm
Superior
colliculi
Corpora
Inferior
collicu_| T2drgemina
Cerebral peduncle
Choroid plexus in roof
of fourth ventricle
Dorsal roots
of spinal nerves
Ventral roots
| of spinal nerv Grand Ge
C,and Co
11
12 Brainstem: Medulla Oblongata • Functions: • Center for the coordination of complex autonomic reflexes (heart rate, respiratory rhythm, blood pressure) • Control of visceral functions (vomiting, swallowing) • Decussation of pyramids: a crossover point for the major motor tracts 15 Diencephalon Structures • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Epithalamus 16 Diencephalon: Epithalamus • Superior to the third ventricle, contains the pineal gland Pineal gland Diencephalon: Thalamus
* Relay station for sensory input
yi
20 Cerebellum • Functions: • Coordination of movements • Adjustment of postural muscles Vermis Arbor Vita (white matter that looks like a leaf) 21 Cerebral Cortex • The superficial layer/rim of gray matter in the cerebral hemispheres • Gray matter consists of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. 22 White Matter & Basal Nuclei • White matter consists primarily of myelinated axons • Is beneath the gray matter cortex • Notice how it is the opposite arrangement from the spinal cord (Spinal cord: white matter is on the outside and gray matter is on the inside.) • Corpus callosum: Connects the right and left hemispheres • Basal nuclei: Islands of gray matter within the white matter. • Function: Involved in the subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone and the coordination of learned movement patterns
Fundamentals af Anatomy & Physislogy, Te
by Frederic H Martini, Pin.
Central
Sulcus
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, linc,
publishing as Bergamin Cummings.
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26 Transverse fissure Longitudinal Fissure Transverse Fissure 27 Central SulcusPrecentral Gyrus: (frontal lobe) contains the primary motor area Postcentral Gyrus: (parietal lobe) contains the primary somatosensory area.
