The Civil War and Reconstruction 1860-1868, Lecture notes of Law

Download The Civil War and Reconstruction 1860-1868 and more Lecture notes Law in PDF only on Docsity! General Background Knowledge for Political Cartoons The Civil War and Reconstruction 1860-1868 Storming the Castle (1860)  In order to understand this cartoon, students should know:  Who ran in the 1860 Presidential Election and their supporters.  The platforms of each candidate.  Abraham Lincoln’s nickname was the “Railsplitter.”  Vocabulary: (people you might not be familiar with)  James Buchanan: President of the United States from 1857-1861. He is generally remembered as one of the worst Presidents.  John Breckenridge: Vice President from 1857-1861 and then a Presidential Candidate in the 1860 election. He was the southern democratic candidate and Buchanan openly endorsed him.  “Buck and Breck”: Nickname referring to Buchanan and Breckenridge.  Stephen Douglas: Political Adversary to President Lincoln and a Presidential Candidate in the 1860 election. He campaigned hard for union between northern and southern democrats, yet it did not work and Abraham Lincoln was elected President.  John Bell: Ran in the 1860 election under the constitutional union party. The National Game. Three “Outs” and One “Run” (1860) ABRAHAM WINNING THE BALL. The “Rail Splitter” at Work Repairing the Union (1860)  In order to understand this cartoon, students should know:  Abraham Lincoln’s nickname, the “Railsplitter,” and Andrew Johnson’s nickname, the “Tennessee Tailor.”  Abraham Lincoln became President in 1860 and before 1861 South Carolina had seceded from the Union. During this time Lincoln and his Vice President Andrew Johnson acted to try to stop other states from doing the same.  Vocabulary:  “The Railsplitter”: This was President Abraham Lincoln’s nickname, used most often during the 1860 Presidential Election, and it refers to his manual labor he completed for wages as a young man living on the frontier. The nickname was given to him to help his political appeal toward workingmen.  “The Tennessee Tailor”: Nickname for President Andrew Johnson because he worked as a tailor prior to going into politics. The “Rail Splitter” at Work Repairing the Union (1860) Tare ik gutter, UNCLE ABE git zZ ase eioser thert ne goes pia NOW wcke be Taek OEY, mended? THE RAIL SPLITTER AT WORK REPAIRING THE UNION. The “Secession Movement” (1861)  In order to understand the cartoons, students should know: Which states seceded from the Union. Georgia was divided in their vote to secede.  Vocabulary: Humbug: deceptive, false, or tricky. Repudiate: refuse to accept or associate. The “Secession Movement” (1861) The Three Months Volunteer at Home (September 1862)  Background knowledge students should know:  There was a militia law in place at the time of the Civil War that did not allow militia volunteers to serve for more than three months each year.  Vocabulary:  Boot-jack: a tool used to remove boots. The Fair Thing (October 1862) with the Rebels to Groce's Ruy. “Why, gracious! ier has el opel prices! ‘Threo Dollars per pound’ for ‘Tea — r por Bat—Batter Two Dollars per Pound—” es Ma'am. ‘The Boss cays az yon like to tall Sceesh, perhaps you would’nt mind paying Secu pri Lincoln’s Last Warning (October, 1862)  In order to understand this cartoon, students should know:  On September 22,1862, Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation where he stated if the south did not stop rebelling by January ,1863, emancipation would take effect.  This cartoon was created two weeks after the announcement. Lincoln’s Last Warning (October, 1862) LINCOLN'S LAST WARNING. “Now, if you don’t’¢ome down, I'll cut the Tree from under you.” The Great “Cannon Game” (May 1863)  In order to understand the cartoon, students should know:  The Battle of Chancellorsville took place in early May 1863 where General Robert E. Lee and General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson led an epic win against Union forces even though they were very outnumbered.  To this day Jackson’s flank maneuver is studied by the military and historians. Unfortunately, Jackson died right after this cartoon was created and this was the last major win for General Lee.  The First Battle of Charleston Harbor took place in April 1863 where a Union Navy Ship was sunk by confederate ships and land artillery. The Union was unable to defeat the confederate forces by Navy attack at Charleston.  Vocabulary:  Hazard: a risk or chance. > The Great “Cannon Game” (May 1863) THE GREAT “CANNON GAME.” Axe Laxoory (aston). “DALN'D IF HE AUNT SCORED AGIN !—-WISH | COULD MAKE A JEW WINNING WAIAQDS POR A CHANGE. “Rowdy” Notions of Emancipation (July 1863)  In order the understand this cartoon, students should know:  In July 1863 tensions were high in New York over the Draft as well as over jobs. Riots ensued, and over 200 free African American men were attacked. The True Issue or “That’s What’s the Matter” (1864) THE TRUE ISSUE OR “THATS WHATS THE MATTER. noe ree eer Slow and Steady Wins the Race (1864)  In order to understand this cartoon students should know:  General George McClellan’s platform was laughed at for being inconsistent. McClellan believed in a continuation of the war in order to preserve the Union including the Southern States, while his party said he would end the war immediately and negotiate a settlement with the rebel states.  In the cartoon he is balancing on the two “party platforms” depicted by a horse and a donkey.  Vocabulary:  Faders: slang for fathers. ~\ Slow and Steady Wins the Race (1864) SLOW sy STEADY WINS Mm RACE, 2 Sor 8 Rise ow Tis yrsiols os seg) at Democracy 1832, 1864 (1864)  In order to understand the cartoon, students should know:  General Jackson refers to President Andrew Jackson who was known for his no-nonsense democracy.  General George McClellan was often depicted as cowardly and attempting to appease the confederate states. His nickname was Little Mac.  Vocabulary:  John C. Calhoun: Vice President under James Monroe and Andrew Jackson. Calhoun was from South Carolina and opposed a Tariff Law that he said favored northern states. When the Tariff was passed Calhoun threaten that South Carolina would secede from the Union and Andrew Jackson immediately sent military to South Carolina to stop it. Soon after a compromise was made. Democracy 1832, 1864 1832. (1864) DEMOCRACY. 1864. Pate by L Pang O° 129 Wh St Beaten The Last Ditch of Chivalry, or a President in Petticoats (1865)  In order to understand the cartoon students should know:  There was a 100,000 dollar reward for the capture of Jefferson Davis, and it was rumored he fled wearing his wife’s overcoat as a disguise.  Vocabulary:  Yankees: Nickname for northerners.  Magnanimous: Generous or forgiving to someone who is less powerful. The Man That Blocks Up The Highway (1866) THE MAN THAT BLOCKS UP THE HIGHWAY. nce Andy, “Here, Bill, hand up that poster! We may hide some of these old ones. They’re played out!” (November, 1866)  In order to understand the cartoon, students should know:  President Andrew Johnson vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Bill and the Civil Rights Bill in 1866.  Also, in 1866 Johnson broke ties with the republicans. Following the break, in November of that year, the Republicans won control of Congress by a landslide.  Vocabulary:  Freedmen’s Bureau Bills: meant to aid former slaves in areas such as housing and education.  Civil Rights Act of 1866: defined African Americans as equal citizens under the law. Andy, “Here, Bill, hand up that poster! We may hide some of these old ones. They’re played out!” (November, 1866)