U.S. Foreign Policy: Imperialism to Interventionism (1920s-1940s), Study notes of Japanese

Download U.S. Foreign Policy: Imperialism to Interventionism (1920s-1940s) and more Study notes Japanese in PDF only on Docsity! The Coming of World War II: From Peace to Pearl Harbor Welcome Back! •Bell Ringer: In groups, complete Continuity/Change over time worksheet (10 mins.) •Reminder: Packets due Weds. 4/8 •Agenda and Objective: Through note review and discussion, students will identify changes in U.S. views from Imperialism to Isolationism to Interventionism on the eve of WW II • Aim was to get major naval powers to disarm and put an end to the expensive naval arms race. • The USA invited Britain, France, Italy and Japan to attend the conference. • The countries agreed to maintain a balance in their respective fleets according to the ratio shown below. • They also agreed not to build any new warships for the next 10 years. Helping Germany ➢The Dawes Plan 1924 American Charles Dawes led an international committee to help resolve the reparations problem for Germany. The USA loaned Germany 800 million gold marks which Germany used to end hyperinflation and pay reparations. The total amount of reparations was reduced. Germany was given a more flexible time schedule for repayment based on its ability to pay. Who was a part of Isolationism? • Jeannette Rankin was the only person to vote “NO” in congress of both world wars. • Isolationists, however, never favored cutting off the United States from the rest of the world, nor did they rule out the possibilities of American expansion in the Western Hemisphere, the Pacific, and East Asia. Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937 • Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war & extended the ban to nations engaged in civil wars. • No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship. = uss. °2) Sea CUAas _— ins Br Seuss erm = The Road to War in Europe and Asia Date Event American Response Sept. 1939 Germany Invades Poland Neutrality Act of 1939: Cash & Carry Lend - Lease • December 1940 • Great Britain had run out of funds to wage war against Germany. • Authorized the US to sell, transfer, exchange, lease and lend defense materials and shipyard facilities to any country whose defense was vital to the US. • US contributed approximately $40 billion in supplies. Hemispheric Defense Zones • Problem: How to get American weapons and supplies to Britain? • Solution: FDR declared the entire western half of the Atlantic to be part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. He ordered US Navy to patrol it and assist the British with locating submarines. Destroyers For Bases Deal • Spring 1940 • British Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked FDR to transfer old American destroyers to Britain who needed them to protect its cargo ships from German submarines. • FDR sent 50 destroyers in exchange for the right to build American bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda and islands in the Caribbean. • Led to the founding of the America First Committee Four Freedoms Speech delivered by FDR in January, 1941. He outlined his vision for a world that avoided war and where freedom (of speech, of religion, from fear and from want was a reality for all nations and people. • In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. • The first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world. • The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the world. • The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world. • The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor -- anywhere in the world. • That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called “new order” of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. Date Event American Response Summer 1941 Germany Invades the Soviet Union Atlantic Conference & Charter US Decision – “All aid short of war” • When Britain was being bombed by Germany and most of Europe was controlled by Germany, the US increased its assistance to Britain. Date Event American Response 1938 - 1940 Japanese offensive continues against China * Declaration of East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere US moves its Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor from San Diego (May 1940), Naval Expansion Act (July 1940) Date Event American Response Late 1940 Japan Allies With Germany Embargo on Exports (Scrap Iron) to Japan, Froze Japanese Assets/ Bank Accounts (Mid 1941), Cut off Oil Exports Ditferent Viewpoints on US Involvement Fireside Chat wpavois WRITE YOU CONGRESSMAN TODAY To KEEP THE NEUTRALITY ACT JUST AS IT STANDS, Charles Lindbergh This man was a very outspoken isolationist. He started a group called the “America First Committee” whose mission was to convince the United States government to stay OUT of World War II in the interest of protectionism. Charles Lindbergh Lindbergh used his fame as a pilot and national hero to gain audience for his isolationist ideas. Theodore Geisel (Dr. Seuss) This man vehemently op-posed isolationist atti-tudes in America with respect to World War II. He published a great deal of artwork in PM, a New York newspaper, de-signed to convince the people of the United States to abandon isolationist policies. Dr. Seuss published more than 400 editorial cartoons for PM between 1940 and 1948. The following examples specifically address isolationist policy and philosophy. The Isolationist Said a whale, “There is so much commotion, 4, Such fights among fish in the ocean, | ||, Tm saving my scalp | Living high on an Alp... (Dear Lindy! He gave me the notion!) By Dr. Seuse “Since when did we swap our ego for an ostrich?”