Download Evolution Before Darwin: Greek Philosophy, Lamarck, and Darwin's Theory and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! OUTLINE 20 I. The Concept of Evolution up to Darwin’s Time A. Greek Philosophy B. Christian Theology C. The Enlightenment II. Evolution Before Darwin A. Lamarck B. State of knowledge at Darwin’s time III. Darwin and the theory of Evolution By Natural Selection A. Voyage of the Beagle B. Formulation of the theory IV. The Theory A. Essential elements B. Contrast with views of the time V. Darwin’s Evidence A. Artificial selection B. The fossil record C. Comparative anatomy D. Embryology E. Biogeography “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” - T. Dozhansky Charles Lyell 1797 - 1875 Uniformitarianism the rate of geological activity on Earth is constant. Similarity among the limb bones of organisms that use them for different purposes Charles Darwin 1809-1882 Voyage of the HMS Beagle
a
Great
7
Britain _
Galapagos 1M
Islands ‘ TZ Trg :
Cape of —
if Good Hope c/
Tasmania
@ Cape Horn New
Tierra del Fuego Zealand
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Finches of the Galapagos Islands
Cactus = Small .
ground tree Medium Woodpecker
finch finch tree finch finch
Medium
ground ec:
ec e&
finch
G. scandens C. parvulus C. pauper C. pallidus
Large. fortis ian} Li G
5 Small Large cactus |Vegetarian| “Large Green ray
round ground ground finch =| finch tree Mangrove warbler — warbler
inc finch . finch finch finch
See ~ ~ ~
e Si = ele oe
G. fuliginosa G. conirostris | C. crassi- | C. Cc. Certhidea Certhidea
rostris psittacula heliobates | olivacea fusca
G. magnirostris
|
Sharp-beaked
ground finch
G. difficilis Cactus
Seed eaters flower Bud Insect eaters
| eaters eater
I I
Ground finches Tree finches Warbler finches
Genus Geospiza Genus Camarhynchus Genus Certhidea
T
Common ancestor from
South American mainland
(b) The Galapagos finches
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ON
THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
BY MEANS OF NATURAL, SELECTION,
on TI
PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RAGES IN THE STRUGGLE
POR LIFE,
By CHARLES DARWIN, 3LA.,
FELLOW OF Tit ROVAL, GEOLOGICAL, LIRSJCAN, ETC, SOCIETIES;
AUTHOR OF (JOURXAL OF RESKARCHE DITRINO Hl. M4. NEAGLE'S VOTAGE
ROUND THE WORLD,”
LONDON:
JONN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1850.
‘The right of Translation fa yorerenk
More offspring are born than can survive to reproduce Parent Offspring Parent Individuals within a species vary Traits that enhance reproduction become more common each generation parents generation 1 offspring generation 2 parents generation 2 offspring generation 1 Artificial selection has produced different, true- breeding varieties of “fancy” pigeons from a single ancestral form Homology - similarity caused by common ancestry
Human Cat Whale Bat
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Early embryos of diverse groups share many features. As development proceeds, embryonic forms diverge and become more similar to adults of their own species (von Baer’s law) Evidence for evolution from comparative embryology Number of Amino Acids
That Differ from a Human
Hemoglobin Polypeptide
(Total Chain Length = 146
Species Aa Amino Acids)
Human L 0
Mouse & 27
Chicken @? 45
Frog EE 67
Lamprey 125
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