the effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system, High school final essays of Biology

Download the effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular system and more High school final essays Biology in PDF only on Docsity! The Effect of Physical Activity on the Cardiovascular System MOODLE NAME: BIOLOGY 2 MOODLE CODE: XXXX STUDENT ID: XXXXX INTRODUCTION Heart rate and blood pressure measure two different things, but doctors can use both to evaluate certain aspects of your health. The heart rate records the number of times that your heart beats per minute, while your blood pressure quantifies how strong your blood moves through the blood vessels. The blood pressure is recorded with 2 numbers, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure (higher number) is the force at which your heart pumps blood around your body while the diastolic pressure (lower number) is the resistance to the blood flow in the blood vessels. Normal blood pressure for most adults is defined as a systolic pressure of less than 120 and a diastolic pressure of less than 80, an ideal blood pressure is between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg (National Institute on Aging, 2021). Hypertension the prefix hyper means too high is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure, the risk of high blood pressure increases with age, but exercise can lower it (World Health Organization, 2020) while hypotension the prefix means too low, is when blood pressure is under 90/60 mm/Hg much lower than expected. It can happen either as a condition on its own or as a symptom of a wide range of conditions (Cleveland clinic, 2022). Heart rate and blood pressure both rise when you exercise. Over time, however, regular exercise can help lower your resting blood pressure and heart rate. This is because exercise training improves the health of your heart and blood vessels, allowing your cardiovascular system to function more efficiently (McCoy, 2010). They are some factors that could affect blood pressure and heart rate, for example, age, the risk of high blood pressure increases as you age, smoking, smoking contributes to atherosclerosis, a condition that occurs when fatty material builds up in the arteries and many more (Chandler, 2010) The purpose of this is to Determine the Immediate Effects of Physical Activity on the Cardiovascular System. METHOD The practical was carried out by three researchers, the tasks were divided into two, one person to carry out the exercise and the other two to record the measurement. The researcher carrying out the exercise performed jogging at a spot for 2min while the rest of the researchers took the measurements before the exercise was performed the researcher measured the HR and BP of the subject at rest twice. To place the BP cuff, the subject placed Figure 2: Average Heart Rate After Each Set of Exercise Table 2 and figure 2 show the average HR after each set of exercises for subjects 1 and 2. For exercise 1, subject 1 average was 77bpm and for subject 2 the average was 96bpm, for exercise 2 subject 1 average was 78 bpm and for subject 2 the average was 101bpm, for exercise 3 subject 1 average was 83 bpm and for subject 2 the average was 104bpm, for exercise 4 subject 1 average was 85bpm and for subject 2 average was 104bpm and for exercise 5 subject 1 average was 89bpm and subject 2 average was 105bpm. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 1st reading (mmHg ) 2nd reading (mmHg ) 1st reading (mmHg ) 2nd reading (mmHg ) 1st reading (mmHg ) 2nd reading (mmHg ) 1st reading (mmHg ) 2nd reading (mmHg ) 1st reading (mmHg ) 2nd reading (mmHg ) 134/80 111/76 130/80 117/77 141/81 128/87 152/91 121/88 141/87 124/89 Subject 1 Averag e BP per exercise (mmHg ) 123/78 124/79 135/84 137/90 133/88 118/67 108/65 128/69 124/77 128/74 126/73 129/66 123/65 122/66 131/81 Subject 2 average BP 113/66 126/73 127/74 126/66 127/74 Table 3: BP of the Participant After Each Exercise Exercise 1 SP Exercise 1 DP Exercise 2 SP Exercise 2 DP Exercise 3 SP Exercise 3 DP Exercise 4 SP Exercise 4 DP Exercise 5 SP Exercise 5 DP 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Average BP Subjects in Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Subject 1 Subject 2 Figure 3: Average Blood Pressure as Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Table 3 and Figure 3 show subjects 1 and 2 BP as the individual SP and DP measured in mmHg. For subject 1, exercise 1 average was found to be at 123/78 mmHg and for subject 2 it was found to be at 113/66mmHg, exercise 2, subject 1 average was found to be at 124/79 mmHg and for subject 2 was at 126/73mmHg, exercise 3 subject 1 average was found to be at 135/84 mmHg and for subject 2 was at 127/73 mmHg, exercise 4 subject 1 137/90 mmHg and for subject 2 was at 126/66mmHg, exercise 5 subject 1 was found to be at 138/88 mmHg and for subject 2 was at 127/74mmHg. DISCUSSION Generally, regular physical activity is beneficial to cardiovascular health, which helps lowers blood pressure (Nystoriak and Bhatnagar, 2018). An example of this is displayed in subject 1, the subject BP was at 124/81mmHg at rest because the subject was fit and exercised 4 hours a day every week which caused the subject’s blood pressure to be low and eventually decrease after her first minute of exercise. A person's age, sex, and genetic predisposition can influence their physiological response and performance during aerobic exercise. (Lavie et al.,2015). This was shown both in subject 1 and subject 2 BP and HR. The post-exercise hypotension response is measured by comparing BP values after an exercise with the values on a control day in which the exercise is not performed, or by comparing BP values before and after an exercise session (Carpio-Rivera et al., 2016). Hypertension is a very prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factor. Hypertension is equally prevalent in men and women, data generally support the conclusion that women with hypertension reduce their BP somewhat more and somewhat more consistently with exercise training than men (Hagberg, Park and Brown, 2000). In terms of the BP for subject 1, the systolic pressure at rest was measured at 124 mmHg and diastolic at 81mmHg which seemed to increase at each set of exercises to 133mmHg for systolic and 88mmHg for diastolic overall the subject had good readings, for subject 2 at resting the systolic was at 112mmHg and diastolic was at 80mmHg it seems that the subjects reading was increasing for the systolic from 112mmHg to 127mmHg and for the diastolic from 80 mmHg to 74 mmHg overall It seems that subject 2 had lower values than subject 1. Resting heart rate is normally 60 to 80 beats per minute but is often lower in trained athletes Along with an increase in heart rate, the force of your heart's contractions also increases while exercising, so more blood is pumped with each beat (McCoy, 2010). Heart rate increases as you exercise to deliver more blood and oxygen to your working muscles. As stated, the exercises performed by subject 1 was jogging at a spot in teams of the HR the resting reading was measured at 84 bpm which was seen to be increasing at each interval of exercise, but it was seen that the subjects HR dropped and increased at each stage of the exercise to 77 bpm and back to 89 bpm the reason for this may be because the subject exercises regularly. Nevertheless, the HR was found to have a good reading. For subject 2 the resting reading was at 89 bpm and at each stage of the exercises, the reading increased to 105bpm. Overall, subject 2 had higher values than subject 1 this may be because subject 1 is more fit than subject 2 since subject 1 exercises more than subject 2 in a day. CONCLUSION Regular physical activity is linked to reduced levels of blood pressure during the post- exercise and resting periods, it is recommended that adults get a minimum of 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity A rise in body temperature, sweat and heart rate are physical responses are the most common signs of a strenuous aerobic workout. In general heart rate and blood pressure both rise when you