THE EFFECTIVE TEACHING STYLES OF THE TEACHERS AS PERCIEVED BY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STEM STUDENTS OF ST. PAUL UNIVERSITY SURIGAO, Study Guides, Projects, Research of English

Download THE EFFECTIVE TEACHING STYLES OF THE TEACHERS AS PERCIEVED BY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STEM STUDENTS OF ST. PAUL UNIVERSITY SURIGAO and more Study Guides, Projects, Research English in PDF only on Docsity! St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE A Research Paper presented to The Department of College of Engineering St. Paul University Surigao Surigao City In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Subject ENGINEERING DATA AND ANALYSIS Submitted by: KRISTINE MARIE P. PECANTE BSEM-I Submitted to: MR. JENNY C. CANO LPT, MSC Instructor July 2020 i St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii CHAPTER 1: “INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY” Background of the Study 1 Scope and Limitation 3 Statements of the Problem 4 Significance of the Study 5 Participants 6 Data Gathering Procedure 6 Statistical Analysis 7 CHAPTER 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Profile of the Participants 8 Result Safety 9 Environmental Aspects 12 CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary 18 Findings 19 Conclusion 20 Recommendation 20 ii St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY OECD Due Diligence Guidelines defines small scale mining as: “formal or informal mining operations with predominantly simplified forms of exploration, extraction, processing and transportation. Small scale mining is normally low capital intensive and uses high labour-intensive technology.” It is quietly known in the Philippines and many provinces across the country had been practicing it. In today’s generation, some people blamed mining it’s either large scale or small scale whenever calamities happened and there is massive destruction in its municipality or barangay. Is it really the operating mining fault or not? In this case, it is really important to have knowledge and awareness about the existing small scale mining specially the seated officials because they will serve as guidance not just to the mine operation but also to the community. In the Philippines, mining is generally classified into large-scale and small-scale. While issues in large-scale mining exist, the small-scale mining has also gained increasing attention due to poor labour practices and environmental destruction. Though it provides economic opportunities particularly for many people in the remote areas lacking alternative sources of employment or income. Small-scale mining has gained its significance especially with the closure of many large-scale companies in the 1990s (Jurado and Amurao, 2015).Mining presents communities with opportunities foreconomic and social development, as well as negative environmental and social impacts (Bass et al., 2004).Mining can also have many negative impacts upon acommunity. As Bass et al. (2004: 2) wrote: “Mining can also result in devastating impacts on human health, local systems, social structures, production systems, and cultural traditions.” 1 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE The local government unit plays a vital role in an operating small scale mining. If local governments can approve of, or reject, the mining project, they are placed in a situation where they canshape the development of the mining project (Bass et al., 2004). This can lead to a form of development, in which the short-term mining interests do not compromise the community’s longer-term needs.A vital precondition to local government consent is adequate information from the developers of the project. It is the view of Bass et al. (2004) that many communities lack sufficient information and education to enable them to participate effectively in prior informed consent processes. In the Philippines, mining project proponents are required to prepare an environmental impact statement that sets out the likely environmental consequences of the project and the mitigation measure that can be implemented to lessen these environmental effects (Naito et al., 2001). The ultimate goal of this study is to extend technical services to small scale miners to encourage the adoption of best practices in small scale industry particularly in underground mine safety, basic occupational safety and health environmental awareness. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to create awareness to the Barangay Alipao Officials, its community, and to the small scale miners and owners to be vigilant all the time to follow the rules and regulations for the betterment of all. Moreover, the researcher aims to remind everyone that is living in Barangay Alipao to be mindful on the existing small scale mining and do not disregard the safety precautions so that everything will be went well. 2 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Scope and Limitation The study conducted is primarily for the purpose on how evaluated in terms of awareness the barangay Alipao officials about the existence of small scale mining in its barangay. The study is only limited to the local officials of Barangay Alipao, municipality of Alegria, province of Surigao del Norte. It will be conducted on the month of July 2020 at office of the barangay officials in Alipao. 3 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Participants The participants of the study were the currently seated barangay officials of barangay Alipao, Alegria, Surigao del Norte. The researcher used Purposive Sampling technique utilizing Slovin’s formula in determining the participants of the study. Table 1. Barangay Alipao Officials and Number of Participants BARANGAY OFFICIALS NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS Barangay Captain 1 Barangay Kagawads 7 SK Chairman 1 SK Kagawads 3 Secretary 7 Treasurer 1 Barangay Health Workers 1 Barangay Tanods 7 Data Gathering Procedure The researcher started to administer the questionnaire to the intended participants. Retrieval of the questionnaire was then followed. The data was tallied, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted for the results of the study. 6 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Statistical Analysis To treat the data, the following statistical tools were used: Frequency Count and Simple Percentage. These tools were used to describe the profile of the barangay Alipao officials and to determine the total responses of the participants. Mean and Standard Deviation. These tools were utilized in determining the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining in terms of the variables cited in the statement of the problem. Kruskall Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U Test. These tools were used in determining if there a significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped according to their profile. Scale Parameter Verbal Interpretation Qualitative Description 4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree Very Aware (VA) 3 2.50-3.24 Agree Aware (A) 2 1.75-2.49 Disagree Slightly Aware (SA) 1 1.00-1.74 Strongly Disagree Not Aware (NA) Table 2. Mean Parameter, Verbal Interpretation and Qualitatuve Description CHAPTER 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7 8 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE This chapter covers the results of all collected data and discussion for this study. The answer to the problem stated are presented, analyzed, correspondingly interpreted and arranged accordingly in this section. Table 3.Profile of the Participants PROFILE VARIABLES f (24) % Age 21-30 years old 4 16.67 Above 30 years old 20 83.33 Educational Attainment Elementary Level 0 0.00 Elementary Graduate High School Level High School Graduate College Level College Graduate 1 2 6 2 13 4.17 8.33 25.00 8.33 54.17 Table 3 shows the frequency and percentage of participants in terms of age and educational attainment. This study entails a total of 24 participants who are officials of barangay Alipao. From the table above, it clearly indicates that those officials who have the age of above 30 years old got the highest total frequency of 20 consisting of 83.33% whereas those 21-30 years old students has the lowest total frequency of 4 consist of 16.67% of the total number of participants. In terms of Educational Attainment, there are more participants whom are College graduate. In elementary graduate, it has the frequency of 1 with the percentage of 4.17%. While in high school and college level it’s both frequency is 2 and also both have the percentage of 8.33%. High school graduate has 6 or 25.00% of the total number of participants. And lastly, the highest among all is the college graduate with the frequency of 13 and percentage of 54.17%. The Level of Awareness on the Small scale mining activities of the officials in Barangay Alipao, Alegria, Surigao del Norte 9 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE and noise pollution, and human rights abuses (Ballard and Banks 1997; Ruggie 2007; Bebbington and Bury 2009). Nevertheless, the item I know that there is an orientation for the community on safety precautions strategy has the lowest mean of 2.38 with a standard deviation of 1.13 which can be interpreted as Disagree with a qualitative description of Slightly Aware. The outcome points out that the officials is just slightly aware that there must be an orientation about safety precautions to the community that has to be conducted. Lack of orientation to the community may lead to accidents. In 2011 and 2013, we examined accidents, injuries, and potential risk factors in a Ghanaian Small Scale Gold Mining community. According to the research, only two miners had ever received any occupational safety training, and PPE use was low. And with this, it is really important to have proper orientation and training for the safety of all. 11 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Table 5 shows the level of awareness of the officials in terms of Environmental Aspects. Table 5. The Level of Awareness on the small scale mining activities of the officials in Barangay Alipao in terms of Environmental Aspects Average: 2.82 0.97 A A 12 INDICATORS M SD VI QD ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 1. I know the REPUBLIC ACT No. 7942 also known as the “Philippine Mining Act of 1995”. 2.63 1.13 A A 2. I know that it is our duty and DENR to ensure the environmental standards in small-scale mining, as prescribed by the various mining and environmental laws shall be fully enforced. 2.88 0.90 A A 3. I know that it is our duty to know if that operating small-scall mining is abiding the law as well as the rules and regulations. 2.75 0.68 A A 4. I know that it is our together with the DENR to periodically conduct review of the performance of the existing small-scale mining in our barangay. 2.67 1.05 A A 5. I know that it is our duty together with the DENR and MGB to ensure the protection of the environment and shall strictly implement RA 7076. 2.79 1.02 A A 6. I know that irresponsible small scale mining can result to landslide that can harm the miners as well as the community. 2.92 1.02 A A 7. I know that there must be rehabilitation in the abandoned mines. 2.79 0.93 A A 8. It is our duty with the help of DENR and MGB to check all streams, rivers and lakes in the vicinity of small-scale mining activities, where chemicals such as Mercury are employed, should be periodically checked. 2.71 1.16 A A 9. I know that after deforestation, there must be equivalent reforestation. 3.08 0.88 A A 10. I know that it is necessary that every small scale mine must have environmental work plan. 2.96 0.91 A A St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE LEGEND Scale Parameter Verbal Interpretation Qualitative Description 4 3.25-4.00 Strongly Agree Very Aware (VA) 3 2.50-3.24 Agree Aware (A) 2 1.75-2.49 Disagree Slightly Aware (SA) 1 1.00-1.74 Strongly Disagree Not Aware at all (NA) The data in table 3 disclosed that the level of awareness of the Barangay Alipao officials incorporated in the environmental aspects has higher average mean of 2.82 than safety with a standard deviation of 0.97 which can verbally interpreted as Agree and qualitatively describe as Aware. This means that the officials are aware to what activities will be taken action and what law must be abide in order to lessen the damage of small scale mining to the environment. The policy direction of the national government is clear. “The protection of the environment must be made a priority ahead of mining and all other activities that adversely affect it, one way or another, and the policy is non-negotiable,” stated by current President Duterte in his 2017 State of the Nation Address. The item I know that after deforestation, there must be equivalent reforestation was rated with the highest mean of 3.08 and with a standard deviation of 0.88. It can be verbally interpreted as Agree with a qualitative description of Aware. The result showed that the officials are aware that there must be reforestation after deforestation. Deforestation has substantial and widespread negative impacts on climate, hydrology, soils and biodiversity, with consequent impacts on societies and economies (Meyfroidt and Lambin, 2011). Reforestation of agricultural land can improve biodiversity, which can result in increased primary production, reduced susceptibility to invasion by exotic species and increased ecological resistance to pressures such as climate change (Hooper et al., 2005). So, it is really important for them to know that reforestation is a must for the betterment of the community as well as to the environment. In chapter 12, 13 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Table 7 shows the significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped according to their profile. Table 7. Significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped as to age Variable α n1 n2 USTAT UCRIT Decision AGE Safety 0.05 10 10 37.5 23.0 Accept Ho Environmental aspects 0.05 10 10 18.0 23.0 Reject Ho As presented at table 7, the variable environmental aspects has a USTAT of 18.0 and a UCRIT of 23.0. The USTAT is less than UCRIT at α=0.05 therefore, the decision is reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is a significant difference in the age in terms of their level of awareness in environmental aspects. Environmental aspect matters in terms of age in order to know the level of awareness of the small scale activities of the Alipao barangay officials. Goetsch & Davis (2001) state: In simple terms an environmental aspect is anything resulting from the organization’s activities, products or services that has the potential to cause an environmental impact, even if it is presently controlled, or prevent such impact. The fact that the potential exists (if something goes wrong, for instance) makes it an environmental aspect (p. 18). Table 8 shows the significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped according to their profile. 17 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Table 8 . Significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped as to educational attainment As shown at table 8, the variable safety has a HSTAT of 18.11 and a X2CRIT of 9.488. The HSTAT is greater than X2CRIT at α=0.05 which leads to the decision of rejecting the null hypothesis. Meanwhile in the variable environmental aspects, it has a HSTAT of 27.96 and X2CRIT of 9.488 in which results to the decision reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is a significant difference in educational attainment in terms of their level of awareness in both safety and environmental aspects. The two of them matter in terms of educational attainment in order to know the level of awareness of the small scale activities of the Alipao barangay officials. Formal education has been found to be a driver for higher levels of social capital (Helliwell & Putnam, 1999), the level of education attained only correlates to a certain degree with acquired knowledge and competences. Authors such as Behrman and Stacey (1997), McMahon (1997), Wolfe and Haveman (2001), or Desjardins (2008) have provided a thorough revision of the literature on the social and non‐economic effects of education. It is shown that educational attainment matters to views, perspective, and actions of the officials about safety and environmental aspects. CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 18 Variable α HSTAT df X2CRIT Decision EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Safety 0.05 18.11 4 9.488 Reject Ho Environmental aspects 0.05 27.96 4 9.488 Reject Ho St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn from the findings and the corresponding recommendations. Summary The study aimed to know the level of awareness on the small scale mining activities of the officials in Barangay Alipao, Alegria, Surigao del Norte. Specifically, it determined the participants level of awareness as to safety and environmental aspects. The researcher used a quantitative research design. There were 24 participants and the data were gathered through a survey questionnaire. This quantitative research study sought to answer the following: profile of the participants in terms of their age and educational attainment; the level of awareness that the Alipao barangay officials have in the existing small scale mining in its barangay as to safety and environmental aspects; significant difference on the level of awareness of the barangay Alipao officials on small scale mining when grouped according to their profile. The following statistical tools were used to answer the specific problems of the study: Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution, Mean and Standard Deviation, Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U Test. Findings Based from the results, this study found out that: 19 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Boquet, Y. (2017). The Philippine Archipelago. Springer International Publishing AG. Available from: https://books.google.com.ph/books? id=90C4DgAAQBAJ&printsec=front cove r#v=onepage&q&f=false Jurado, F. and Amurao, M.B. (2015). Philippine Small-Scale Mining: Tax, Issues and Concerns. NTRC Tax Research Journal. Vol. XXVII.6 November- December 2015. Available from: http://www.ntrc.gov.ph/images/journal/j20151112b.pdf Bass, S., 2004. Prior informed consent and mining: Promoting the sustainable development of local communities. Environmental Law Institute, Washington. Naito, K., 2001. Review of Legal and Fiscal Framework for Exploration and Mining. Mining Journal Books, London Hooper, D.U.,2005. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol. Monogr. 75, 3–35 Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, E.F., 2011. Global forest transition: prospects for an end to deforestation. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 36, 343–371. Goetsch, D. & Davis, S. (2001). ISO 14001 environmental management. New York: Prentice-Hall Inc. Helliwell, J., & Putnam, R. D. (1999). Education and social capital . NBER Working Paper (W7121). Behrman, J. R., & Stacey, N.N. (1997). The social benefits of education. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Mcmahon, W. W. (1997). Recent advances in measuring the social and individual benefits of education. International Journal of Education Research, 27, 447–532. Wolfe, B., & Haveman, R. (2001). Accounting for the Social and Non‐market Benefits of Education. In J. F. Helliwell (Ed.), The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well‐being 22 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE (Chapter 11). Ottawa and Paris: Human Resources Development Canada and OECD. Desjardins, R. (2008). Researching the links between education and well‐being. European Journal of Education, 43, 23–35. Barangay Development Planning Manual, 2012 CURRICULUM VITAE Name: PECANTE, KRISTINE MARIE PADULLON 23 St. Paul University Surigao St. Paul University System Surigao City, Philippines AWARENESS ON THE SMALL SCALE MINING ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICIALS IN BARANGAY ALIPAO, ALEGRIA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE Address: Alipao, Alegria, Surigao del Norte Mobile no. 09385088149 Email Address: enitsirkpecante@gmail.com PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of Birth : April 03, 2001 Place of Birth : Miranda Family Hospital, Surigao City Age : 19 Sex : Female Religion : Roman Catholic Citizenship : Filipino Civil Status : Single PARENTS Mother : Ma. Sabina P. Pecante Father : Eduardo E. Pecante Jr. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Elementary : Alipao Elementary School Junior High School : Immaculate Heart of Mary Academy Kitcharao-Inc. Senior High School : St. Paul University Surigao Current : St. Paul University Surigao ACHIVEMENTS:  With Honors (Junior High School)  Student Supreme Government Officer (JHS) Position: Secretary APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIRE 24