The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Exams of Nursing

Download The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers What is the first level of classification of asthma in children? (x) - correct answers ✅intermittent How many days per week do daytime symptoms occur for patients with intermittent asthma? (<>#) - correct answers ✅<2 What is the second level of classification of asthma in children? (x x) - correct answers ✅mild persistent How many days per week do daytime symptoms occur for patients with mild persistent asthma? (<>#) - correct answers ✅>2 What is the third level of classification of asthma in children? (x x) - correct answers ✅moderate persistent How many days per week do daytime symptoms occur for patients with moderate persistent asthma? (#) - correct answers ✅7 (daily) Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers What is the fourth level of classification of asthma in children? (x x) - correct answers ✅severe persistent How many nights per week for ages 0-4 with severe persistent asthma are night time symptoms present? (<>#) - correct answers ✅>1 How many nights per week, for ages 5 and older, with severe persistent asthma, are night time symptoms present? (#) - correct answers ✅7 (nightly) For children with intermittent asthma, what percentage of a non-asthmatic PEFR is their PEFR less than or equal to? (xx%) - correct answers ✅80% (<=80%) For children with mild persistent asthma, what percentage of a non- asthmatic PEFR is their PEFR greater than or equal to? (xx%) - correct answers ✅80% (>=80%) For children with moderate persistent asthma, what percentage range of a non-asthmatic PEFR is their PEFR equal to? (xx%-xx%) - correct answers ✅60%-80% Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers What type of food group is commonly an asthma trigger? (x) - correct answers ✅dairy The physiological pathway involved in asthma begins with 1. inflammatory response to stimuli, 2. airway edema with mucous secretion, 3. bronchiole spasm, and 4... (x x) - correct answers ✅airway remodeling Upon inspiration the bronchi normally ______ on inspiration and ______ on expiraton. (x, x) - correct answers ✅dilate, contract The increased effort to inspire during respiration during an asthma attack causes a further increased need for ____. (x) - correct answers ✅oxygen With severe asthmatic airway obstruction there is reduced ventilation, ______ retention, hypoxemia, respiratory _______, and respiratory failure. (x, x) - correct answers ✅CO2, acidosis Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers This percentage range of personal best PEFR indicates that asthma is well controlled and is color coded "green". (xx%-xxx%) - correct answers ✅80%- 100% This percentage range of personal best PEFR indicates that asthma is NOT well controlled and is color coded "yellow". (xx%-xx%) - correct answers ✅50%-79% This percentage of personal best PEFR indicates that asthma is NOT well controlled, is a medical alert and is color coded "red". A short-acting bronchodilator should be used immediately. (<xx%) - correct answers ✅<50% What are the three classic manifestations of asthma? (x, x, x) - correct answers ✅dyspnea, wheezing, coughing The asthmatic cough IS productive (true or false). - correct answers ✅false Which of the two phases of respiration is prolonged in asthma? (x) - correct answers ✅expiratory (expiration) Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers Asthma attacks always appear abruptly (true or false). - correct answers ✅false The first asthma attack frequently occurs before what age? (x) - correct answers ✅five (5) In infancy, an asthma attack is commonly precipitated by what event? (x x) - correct answers ✅respiratory infection Shortness of breath with a sudden rise in respiratory rate accompanied by a zone of absent breath sounds in the lungs is a serious sign indicating what impending event? (x x) - correct answers ✅respiratory arrest What simple diagnostic test should be performed in children at the time of initial assessment of asthma after initial treatment is administered and should be repeated every 1-2 years? (x) - correct answers ✅spirometry (pulmonary function test) Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers Corticosteroids should be given in the lowest effective dose to control acute asthma and also used for a maximum of what range of days? (#-#) - correct answers ✅3-10 The two most common inhaled corticosteroids for asthma are? (generic names) (x, x) - correct answers ✅budesonide, fluticasone The rescue medications for acute asthma exacerbation are the short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists, there are three currently prescribed, what are they? (generic names) (x, x, x) - correct answers ✅albuterol, levalbuterol, terbutaline Levalbuterol (Xopenex) is the left-handed variant, or isomer, of albuterol (Proventil). The main advantage of levalbuterol compared to albuterol is that is reduces side effects upon what organ system? - correct answers ✅cardiovascular What cardiovascular side effect is most common with beta-2 agonists? (x) - correct answers ✅tachycardia Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers In addition to relaxing bronchiole smooth muscles and expanding the small airways, the beta-2 agonists also prevent _____ cells from releasing inflammatory mediators such as histamine. (x) - correct answers ✅mast Of the three short-acting beta-2 agonists currently prescribed, which is the only one that can be given orally, via nebulizer, subcutaneously and intravenously? (x) - correct answers ✅terbutaline The most commonly prescribed long-acting beta-2 agonist drug that lasts for 12 hours and should not be administered more frequently than q12h is called what? (generic name) (x) - correct answers ✅salmeterol (Serevent) What is the name of the methylxanthine class drug used primarily in the ED after a child is not responding to maximum therapy using beta-2 agonists and requires close monitoring of levels? (generic name) (x) - correct answers ✅theophylline What maintenance drug for asthma stabilizes mast cell membranes and inhibits release of inflammatory molecules from eosinophils and epithelial cells as well as limited acute airway narrowing r/t cold air and exercise? (generic name) (x x) - correct answers ✅cromolyn sodium Pediatrics: Asthma Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023) Verified Answers What natural inflammatory mediators cause increases in airway hyperresponsiveness and worsen asthma? (x) - correct answers ✅leukotrienes What is the most commonly prescribed leukotriene inhibiting drug that blocks bronchospasms? (x) - correct answers ✅montelukast (Singulair) What is the minimum age in years for safe use of montelukast sodium (Singulair) in children? (x) - correct answers ✅1 What class of drugs, which includes atropine and ipratropium bromide, are used for relief of acute bronchospasm but include many severe adverse effects? (x) - correct answers ✅anticholinergics What is the generic name of the new asthma drug which is a monoclonal antibody designed to block bindign of IgE to mast cells? (x) - correct answers ✅omalizumab