Understanding Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds: Ethers and Alcohols - Prof. Jennifer Sh, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Understanding Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds: Ethers and Alcohols - Prof. Jennifer Sh and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! CHAPTER 6 The Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds We Drink, Smell, and Taste The Flavor of Our World OXYGEN CONTAINING COMPOUNDS  Ethers  Alcohols  Aldehydes and ketones  Carboxylic acids  Esters ETHERS  The C−O−C unit is an example of a functional group, a characteristic bonded collection of atoms that occur in organic molecules.  The physical properties of a ether are not much different from the corresponding alkane.  Diethyl ether was used for many years as an anesthetic, but has now been replaced by other anesthetics. ETHERS  The fuel additive, MTBE, is an ether made up of a methyl group and a tertiary-butyl group attached to oxygen.  MTBE = is methyl-tert-butyl ether.  Note that the tert-butyl group is attached at its middle carbon, not the end of the chain. The controversial fuel additive MTBE is an ether MTBE  MTBE is a gasoline additive that raises the octane rating of the fuel.  Its use is controversial because of its strong odor and its stability. It is slow to decompose and has contaminated well water in some areas as a result of gasoline spills. ALCOHOLS  The toxicity of a substance is generally quoted as the minimum mass of a substance required for a lethal dose, divided by the mass of the organism killed by it.  For many people, the lethal dose of ethanol is about 10 grams per kilogram of body weight. The lethal dose varies significantly between people.  The dose that is lethal to 50% of the population is called the LD50. The LD50 values for various alcohols are: Table 6.1 LD, values for various alcohols Alcohol Name LD,. in grams / kilogram C,—OH | ethanol 7-10 C,—OH | 1-propanol 19 C,—OH | 1-butanol 44 C,—OH | 1-pentanol 3.0 C;—OH | 1-hexanol 46 HOMEWORK  Read Ch. 6- Sec. 1-6.13  Ch. 6: 1, 2,3,4,7