Water Quality Management in the Philippines: Resources, Basins, and Programs, Schemes and Mind Maps of Law

Download Water Quality Management in the Philippines: Resources, Basins, and Programs and more Schemes and Mind Maps Law in PDF only on Docsity! THE PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Ms. Leza A. Acorda-Cuevas Environmental Management Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources THE PHILIPPINES • An archipelagic country consisting of 7, 107 islands • Has an area of 300,000 square kilometers • Politically divided into 17 regions • Abundantly endowed with water resources EXISTING WATER RESOURCES (Cont.)  Marine Waters • Cover an area of about 266,000 sq km, including bays and gulfs • Coastline stretches to about 17,460 km • Coral reefs cover an area of about 27,000 sq km • 64 of 79 provinces are in coastal areas MAJOR RIVER BASINS River Basin Region Drainage Area (sq. km.) Cagayan River Cagayan Valley 25,649 Mindanao River Southern Mindanao 23,169 Agusan River Northern Mindanao 10,921 Pampanga River Central Luzon 9,759 Agno River Central Luzon 5,962 Abra River Ilocos 5,125 Pasig-Laguna Lake Southern Luzon 4,678 Bicol River Bicol 3,771 Abulug River Cagayan Valley 3,372 MAJOR RIVER BASINS (Cont.) River Basin Region Drainage Area (sq. km.) Tagum-Libuganon River Southeastern Mindanao 3,064 Ilog-Hilabangan Western Visayas 1,945 Panay River Western Visayas 1,843 Tagoloan River Northern Mindanao 1,704 Agus River Southern Mindanao 1,645 Davao River Southeastern Mindanao 1,623 Cagayan River Northern Mindanao 1,521 Jalaud River Western Visayas 1,503 Buayan-Malungun River Southeastern Mindanao 1,434 Sources of Pollution - National Industrial 27% Other Sources 11% Domestic Sources 33% Agricultural 29% RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES Republic Act No. 9275 or the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 “Policy of the State to protect, preserve and revive the quality of fresh, brackish and marine water” “DENR as the primary agency in the implementation of RA 9275” RA 9275 THE CLEAN WATER ACT IS A MILESTONE LEGISLATION THAT CAN DELIVER THE MUCH NEEDED SUPPORT IN OUR EFFORT TO ADDRESS WATER CONCERNS. THIS LAW CALLS FOR AN INTEGRATED, HOLISTIC, DECENTRALIZED AND PARTICIPATORY APPROACH TO ABATING, PREVENTING AND CONTROLLING WATER POLLUTION.  Water Quality Management in all water bodies  Primarily apply to abatement & control of pollution from land- based sources  Enforcement of WQ standards, regulations and penalties Coverage WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS DESIGNATION OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREAS  An area covering the same physiographic unit which affects the physico-chemical and biological reactions and diffusion of pollutants in the bodies of water draining the said area.  Aims for the improvement of water quality to meet the guidelines under which they have been classified or to improve their classification so that it meets its projected or potential use. Water Classification and Usage of Fresh Surface Waters Classification Beneficial Use Class AA Public Water Supply Class I – Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and otherwise protected, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the PNSDW Class A Public Water Supply Class II – For sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the PNSDW Class B Recreational Water Class I – For primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc. (particularly those designated for tourism purposes) Class C 1. Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources 2. Recreational Water Class II (Boating, etc.) 3. Industrial Water Supply Class I (For manufacturing processes after treatment) Class D 1. For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering, etc. 2. Industrial Water Supply Class II (e.g. cooling, etc.) 3. Other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this classification Water Classification and Usage of Coastal and Marine Waters Classification Beneficial Use Class SA 1. National marine parks and reserves established under Presidential Proclamation 1801, other existing laws), and/or declared as such by appropriate government agency. 2. Waters suitable for the propagation, survival and harvesting of shellfish for commercial purposes. 3. Coral reef parks and reserves designated by law and concerned authorities. Class SB 1. Fishery Water Class I (Spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and similar species 2. Tourist Zones – For ecotourism and recreational activities 3. Recreational Water Class I (Areas resularly used by the public for bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.) Class SC 1. Fishery Water Class II (Commercial and sustenance fishing) 2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, etc.) 3. Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries Class SD 1. Industrial Water Supply – For manufacturing processes after treatment, cooling, etc.) 2. Other coastal and marine maters, by their quality, belong to this classification Freshwater Body Classification by Region Region I II III IV-A IV-B V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII CARAGA NCR CAR ARMM Total Class AA 1 2 2 5 Class A 10 3 18 3 16 25 28 22 1 32 40 9 9 11 1 11 239 Class B 7 8 12 17 14 15 25 15 6 33 1 12 13 1 20 199 Class C 11 34 40 37 30 18 47 10 39 6 11 10 15 12 5 9 2 336 Class D 2 2 2 1 3 5 9 24 Total 28 45 72 57 62 60 100 49 46 71 52 36 42 33 6 42 2 803 Note: There are water bodies that have more that one classification, i.e. Class A upstream, B midstream and C downstream. REGULAR WATER QUALITY MONITORING Marikina River San Juan River Pasig River SAGIP ILOG PROGRAM  Linkaging with LGUs, NGOs and other interest groups • The Linis Estero Program is a collaborative undertaking between and among the Estero Community, Donor-Partner, Local Government Unit/s and the DENR. • Goal: To achieve a cleaner, safer and healthier metropolitan environment. • No. Of MOAs signed : 304 (As of 31 Dec. 2013) • No. Of water bodies adopted: 542 (As of 31 Dec. 2013) ADOPT-AN-ESTERO/WATER BODY PROGRAM Monitoring of DOT’s frequently visited beaches by local and foreign tourists BEACH ECOWATCH PROGRAM COMPLIANCE MONITORING OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS ENFORCEMENT OF EFFLUENT STANDARDS DENR AO 35, Series of 1990  Effluent standards are limits in terms of concentration and/or volume that any wastewater discharge coming from a point sources shall meet  Consist of a set of water quality parameters and their corresponding numerical limits  Each set is prescribed for each of the water classes Partnership program with industries which aim to support industry self- regulation Seeks to provide a package of incentives and reward mechanisms Best Practices and Lessons Learned (National State of the Brown Environment Report, 2007) • EMB Region 4-A, cited a distillery plant in Lian, Batangas that uses the Reed System in their waste water treatment system. This system entails the use of the nodes or nodules of bamboo roots to cleanse the wastewater. • EMB in Region 11 has cited a beverage manufacturing company, an industry in their locality that practices “waste to energy conversion” by treating the waste generated from its plant to produce methane gas which is now utilized as fuel in its boiler. Best Practices and Lessons Learned (National State of the Brown Environment Report, 2007) • EMB Region 12 mentioned the use of vetiver grass as erosion control measure being adopted by the National Irrigation Administration, under the Water Resources Development Project. --- Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodes) is an erosion control method used for erosion- prone areas.