Anatomy and Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, Study notes of Kinesiology

Download Anatomy and Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems and more Study notes Kinesiology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 The Reproduction System Today’s Objectives  To examine gross anatomy of male and female reproductive systems  To examine the roles of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and testosterone  To examine reproductive physiology  To review the function of all glands  To examine slides of reproductive tissue  To examine female and male reproductive pathologies Male Reproductive System: Primary Reproductive Organ-Testes  Located inside the scrotum hanging outside the body attached to the perineum  Function:   Spermatogenesis   Production of the male sex hormones = the ANDROGENS. The major androgen is TESTOSTERONE  Inra-scrotal temperature must be at 34-36 degrees C for optimal sperm production  Seminiferous tubules- highly coiled tubules inside testes- sites for sperm production   Produce 100-400 million sperm per day  Leydig or Interstitial cells- produce the androgens 2 Be able to identify all of these structures Be able to identify all of these structures Male Accessory Reproductive Ducts  Epididymides (sing. Epididymis)   Connect testes to the vass deferentia   Sperm mature and gain the ability to “swim”  Vasa deferentia= ducti deferentia (sing. vas or ductus deferens)   Sperm storage   Enclosed in spermatic cord (with blood vessels and nerves)   Vasectomy = cutting of both Vasa deferentia  Ejaculatory ducts   During ejaculation, receive sperm from vasa deferentia and secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland  Urethra   Prostatic, membranous, and penile urethra 5 Male Reproductive System: Spermatogenesis  Spermatogonium- undergoes mitosis  Primary spermatocyte- undergoes first meiotic division to give 2 secondary spermatocytes  2 Secondary spermatocytes- undergo second meiotic division to give 4 spermatids  Spermatids- undergo spermiogenesis to develop into spermatozoa = sperm  Functional sperm Spermatogenesis Female Reproductive System: Ovaries  The female gonads or primary sex organs  For oogenesis - production of the female gametes ( ova or eggs) and sex steroid hormones: estrogens and progesterone  Ovarian follicle- contains immature egg surrounded by cells 6 Be able to identify all of these structures Female Reproductive: Internal Organs   Composed of the ovaries and the female reproductive ducts   Female reproductive ducts:   Vagina– copulatory organ and the birth canal   Uterus– site of implantation & development of the fetus   Narrow inferior end, the cervix connects to the vagina below   Fallopian (uterine) tubes– connected to the uterus extending to the ovaries without making direct contact Female Reproductive: Internal Organs  Fallopian Tubes   2 hollow tubes attached to uterus and extend but do not contact the ovaries   Fimbriae- ciliated finger-like projections at the end of the Fallopian tubes   Collect ova after they are released from ovary   Pelvic inflammatory disease- spread of infection ( typically from sexually-transmitted pathogens) into pelvic viscera through open space between fimbriae and ovaries   Fertilization of egg by sperm occurs in fallopian tubes   Ectopic pregnancy- zygote (fert. Egg) implants in fallopian tube wall instead of in the uterine wall 7 Be able to identify all of these structures Female Reproductive System: External Genitalia= Vulva  Mons pubis- fatty pad covering the pubic symphysis  Labia Majora ( sing. Labium majus) - Larger, pigmented skin folds (homologous to the scrotum)  Labia Minora ( sing. Labium minus) - smaller skin folds enclosed by labia major  Vestibule- area enclosed by labia minor, contains clitoris, and urethral orifice and vaginal orifice  Clitoris- composed of sensitive erectile tissue ( homologous to the penis  Urethral orifice- outlet for urine  Vaginal orifice- opening into the vaginal canal  Hymen- thin mucous membrane that partially or completely closes vaginal opening  Greater vestibular glands- secrete lubricant ( homologous to Bulbourethral glands)  VULVA