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The Square Deal Era: Progressive Reforms and Their Impact on Business and Consumers, Lecture notes of Medicine

Antitrust LawsTheodore RooseveltProgressive EraRegulatory PolicyConsumer Protection

An overview of the progressive era reforms during theodore roosevelt's presidency, focusing on acts such as the sherman antitrust act, interstate commerce act, elkins act, hepburn act, meat inspection act, pure food & drug act, expediting act, reclamation act, inland waterways commission act, forest reserve act, carey irrigation act, new lands reclamation act, and national monuments act. These reforms aimed to limit the power of trusts, regulate industries, and protect consumers and the environment.

What you will learn

  • What were the main goals of the Progressive Era reforms during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency?
  • What impact did the Pure Food & Drug Act have on consumer protection?
  • How did the Sherman Antitrust Act affect the business landscape during this time?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

aarti
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Download The Square Deal Era: Progressive Reforms and Their Impact on Business and Consumers and more Lecture notes Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! The Square Deal:  The Effects of Progressivism  Act  Attempted  Reform  Square Deal Era  Future Implications  Sherman  Antitrust Act,  1890  Limitation of  the power of  the Trust  T.R. used this act to “trust‐bust”  several large monopolies:  • Northern Securities  • Standard Oil  • American Tobacco Co.  • Beef Trust  a. AT&T breakup of the 1980s  b. Established Fair Trade and  destroyed monopolies  c. Price fixing by several  corporations in the 1960s &  1970s  Inter‐state  Commerce Act,  1887  Regulation and  standardization  of railroad rates  T.R. strengthened this act; he added  “teeth” to it.  a. Regulated freight rates and  prohibited rebates and price  fixing  b. Established interstate rates for  transportation of goods    Elkins Act, 1903  Establishment  of Department  of Commerce  and Labor,  Bureau of  Corporations  a. Uniform labor laws, hours, and  type of labor  b. Published freight rates  c. Penalized shippers who  received rebates as well as ones  who gave them  d. Provided for punishment of  violators  a. Called the Anti‐Rebate Act;  now we might call it the Anti‐ Kick‐Back Act  b. Regulates common carriers of  people and freight‐‐‐UPS,  Greyhound, Amtrak, etc.  Hepburn Act,  1906  Amendment of  ICC Act; put  “force” into the  Act  a.  Established commission to  enforce ICC orders  b. Enforcement of rate regulations  c. Uniform system of bookkeeping  d. Establish normal rates  a. Regulates rates for passengers  as well as freight  b. Air travel cost controls  c. Air freight price controls  Meat Inspection  Act, 1906  All meat sold  must be  inspected.  a. All  meat was marked by  Federal Inspectors and graded  b. Meat industry was “cleaned  up.”  a. We now have high grade meat  sold.  b. Fish is currently (1986) not  regulated.  Pure Food &  Drug Act, 1906  Extension of  federal  inspection to all  packaged foods  and drugs  Truth in Packaging & Labels –  medicine as well as food  a. Contents of food and drug  packages must now be listed  on the label.  b. All additives/chemicals must  be listed on the labels as well.  c. Cosmetics are not covered.  Expediting Act,  1903  Addition of staff  to Anti‐Trust  Division of  Justice  Department  Speeded judicial consideration of  antitrust cases.  Corporations cannot delay trials.   These cases are given precedence.  Reclamation  Act, 1902  Put Federal  government in  business of  conservation  a. Federal government built  several dams, tunnels, flumes,  etc.  b. Erosion of much land was  halted.  c. Ponds and lakes created.  a. Much unusable land reclaimed  for use today.  b. Many recreation areas  created.     
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