these are sheets that help with topics in chemistry, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

Download these are sheets that help with topics in chemistry and more Cheat Sheet Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 5-June-2016 Chemsheets A2 1054 NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION-ELIMINATION – acylation Reagent acyl chloride (RCOCl) or acid anhydride (RCOOCOR) Conditions What happens x The acyl group is x Acylation is the insertion of an acyl group into a compound. x The H on the O of an alcohol/water is replaced by an acyl group. x The H on the N of an amine/ammonia is replaced by an acyl group. x The other product is an acid. With amines/ammonia, this acid reacts with a second molecule of the amine/ammonia to form an ammonium salt of the acid. OVERALL a) Replace an H on the O/N to give the main product. b) If using an amine/ammonia, the acid by-product donates H+ to another molecule of amine/ammonia Products Carboxylic acid (from water) Ester (from alcohols) Amide (from ammonia) N-substituted amide (from amines) Overall equation e.g. acylation of an alcohol (using an acyl chloride) e.g. acylation of an amine (using an acyl chloride) R C O R C O Cl R' O H R C O O R' HCl HClR C O N R' H R' N H H R C O Cl R' N H H then HCl R' N H H H + Cl- Cl- + R' N H H H R C O Cl R' N H H R C O N R' H 2overall ACYLATION of ALCOHOLS / AMINES © www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 5-June-2016 Chemsheets A2 1054 Example 1 e.g. ethanol + propanoyl chloride + HCl ethyl propanoate Example 2 e.g. methylamine + ethanoic anhydride + 2 - H3N N-methyl ethanamide Example 3 e.g. water + propanoyl chloride Example 4 e.g. ammonia + ethanoyl chloride Example 5 e.g. propan-2-ol + ethanoyl chloride Example 6 e.g. ethylamine + propanoic anhydride Example 7 e.g. propylamine + butanoyl chloride 0 Hi t cHzCHzÉ° + HCl ' c, → ctlzcttzCY.org pwpanoic acid → cHsÉ°H - N - H + ctlzc"% , - N ,H + CI - + Nmu it a ethanamide n -É - É -É - te + cnsc"?c , → n - É - H H + HCl H OH H H ° -d - d- y n -&-44 H methyl ethyl ethanol