Understanding Hardware and Software: A Comprehensive Guide, Lecture notes of Data Mining

Download Understanding Hardware and Software: A Comprehensive Guide and more Lecture notes Data Mining in PDF only on Docsity! I am an integrated circuit which carries out information processing and calculations. In essence, people call me is the computer’s “brain”. Who am I? CPU: Central Processing Unit I am a set of instructions that the computer carries out in sequence to perform a given task.Who am I? Computer program Outline I. The difference between hardware and software II. Troubleshooting III. Troubleshooting steps IV. Troubleshooting skills Learning outcomes By the end of this session, you should be able to: ● Identify computer and computer system components ● Use computer vocabulary to describe computer problems ● Determine a computer problem and solve it Who Am I? Hardware refers to physical components of a computer. These components are tangible. Hardware is further divided into input devices, output devices, secondary storage devices and internal components. For example: CPU, motherboard, mouse, keyboard, printer, and monitor... Software refers to a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a certain task. Software is a set of programs designed to perform a task. A program consists of a sequence of instructions. For example: Word, Excel, MSSQL, MySQL, Photoshop... VS Hardware and software are dependent on each other. Both are required for the computer to produce a useful output. Match the words to the appropriate picture: Battery - motherboard - touchpad - laptop charger - top panel - base panel - ram - cooling fan - Base panel Touchpad Top panel RAMBatteryLaptop charger Motherboard Cooling fan What is a computer program? A computer program is a set of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a specific task. Without computer programs your computer is merely a really expensive paper weight! There are two main types of software: ● Operating System software ● Application software Operating System Software This software works with the operating system. It controls how you, the software, and the hardware work together. Windows, Apple, Android, and Chrome are common operating systems. Computers and laptops usually use Windows or Apple. Cell phones and tablets usually use Apple, Android, or Chrome software. READY FOR A Quiz? A _____ allows you to enter data into a computer in the form of text. ❏ mouse ❏ keyboard ❏ printer ❏ RAM If Sheila wants to capture sound on her computer, she would need _____. ❏ A keyboard ❏ A webcam ❏ headphones ❏ A microphone What is the name of the data storage technology pictured here? ❏ DVD ❏ Backup tape ❏ Flash drive ❏ SD card What is a bit? ❏ A single piece of data ❏ A single binary digit ❏ The smallest storage unit of computer systems ❏ A single transistor used to store binary information What is a byte? ❏ A byte consists of nine bits ❏ A byte is the smallest storage unit of computer systems ❏ A byte is a binary digit ❏ A byte represents 256 unique binary codes A bit ASCII-8 A byte : eight bits 5. ………………………………….helps us to create documents such as letters and reports. 6. ……………………...software helps us to arrange and store a large amount of information in an organized way. 7. ……………………………………………...helps you to perform calculations and analyze data in a better way. 8. ………………………. software helps us to create and display slides on a computer for business and educational purposes. A Word Processor Database A Spreadsheet program Presentation II. Troubleshooting What is troubleshooting? EX. III. Troubleshooting Steps 1. Identify the problem. 2. Establish a theory of probable cause. 3. Test the theory to determine the cause. 4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution. 5. Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures. Match the problems to the possible solutions on the right 1. There’s a virus 2. The internet is down 3. The computer has crashed 4. The screen is broken 5. The tablet is ‘bleeping’ a. Reboot your computer. b. Recharge the battery or connect to the mains c. Reinstall your operating system. d. Reset your router. e. Take it to a repair shop. c d a e b Problem: An application is running slowly Solution 1: Close and reopen the application. Solution 2: Update the application. To do this, click the Help menu and look for an option to check for Updates. If you don't find this option, another idea is to run an online search for application updates. Problem: The mouse or keyboard has stopped working Solution 1: If you're using a wired mouse or keyboard, make sure it's correctly plugged into the computer. Solution 2: If you're using a wireless mouse or keyboard, make sure it's turned on and that its batteries are charged. Problem: The screen is blank Solution 1: The computer may be in Sleep mode. Click the mouse or press any key on the keyboard to wake it. Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on. Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on. Solution 4: If you're using a desktop, make sure the monitor cable is properly connected to the computer tower and the monitor. Skills used in troubleshooting computer problems Problem solving Get X from Y quickly, accurately, effectively Critical thinking Look for underlying logic, find alternative ways Decision making Select an alternative way Discussion Reflect on your troubleshooting experience: How did you troubleshoot? What strategies did you use to solve the problem or fix your mistakes? THANK YOU