Rise of Nationalism in Europe Question Bank, Study notes of History

Download Rise of Nationalism in Europe Question Bank and more Study notes History in PDF only on Docsity! History Ch- 1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe Question Bank One Mark Questions 1. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries? 2. Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation. 3. Name the event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848? 4. Who remarked “when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold”. 5. Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871? 6. Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy in 1861? 7. Who founded the secret society, „Young Italy‟ during the 1830s? 8. Who hosted the congress of Vienna in 1815? 9. Define the term Zollverein. 10. When was the Customs union or Zollverein founded? 11. Who said, “True German culture is to be discovered among common people.” 12. Name the area which was ruled by Habsburg Empire? 13. When was the Frankfurt Parliament held? 14. Who were the architects of the unification of Germany? 15. Define the term plebiscite. 16. What do the ideas of la Patrie and la Citoyen signifies? Three Marks Questions 17. Explain any three beliefs of conservatism that emerged after 1815. 18. Explain the contribution of Otto von Bismarck in German unification. 19. Explain the ways in which nationalist feelings were kept alive in Poland in the 18th and 19th centuries. 20. Explain the contribution of Giuseppe Mazzini in spreading revolutionary ideas in Europe. 21. Describe the reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered. 22. Explain the causes of conflict in the „Balkan area‟ after 1871. (Can come in 5 marks also) Or How did Balkans become the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871? Explain with examples. 23. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? 24. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe. 25. Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe. (Can come in 5 marks also) 26. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. [5 marks] Or Describe the role of culture in shaping the feelings of nationalism in Europe from 1830 to the end of 19th century. 51. What happened in the during the year following 1815 when the fear of repression drove many liberal nationalists underground? Explain 52. The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary, for example, was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. Explain. Who was Frederic Sorrieu ? Describe main features of the first print prepared by him in 1848 ? Answer: (1) Frederic Sorrieu was a French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world made up of “democratic and social republics” as he called them. (2) The main features of the first print of the series were as mentioned below : It shows men and women of all ages of Europe and America offering homage to the statue of Liberty. Liberty was personified as a female figure with the Torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man in the other. In the foreground are the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. Procession is led by USA and Switzerland who were already nation states. Other people are following them. From heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene to symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world. In Sorrieu‟s utopian vision, the peoples of the world were grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Thus,many issues have been visualised by Sorrieu in his prints but it is vision that can be realised. 1. When did industrialisation begin in Europe ? What were its consequences ? Answer: (1) Industrialisation had begun in England in the second-half of the ‟ eighteenth century. However, it took place in France and parts of the German states during the nineteenth century. (2) Its consequences were as mentioned below : Growth of towns : Emergence of commercial classes – there was growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes in Western and some parts of Eastern Europe. This was due to the growth of industrial production and trade. The existence of commercial classes was based on production for the market. A new working class and middle classes consisting of industrialists, businessmen, professionals came into existence. It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity. 2. What was zollverein ? Why was it introduced ? Describe its advantages ? How did it strengthen nationalist sentiments in German states ? Answer: (1) Zollverein was a custom union that was formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia and was joined by most of the German States. (2) Causes of introduction of zollverein : In the first half of the nineteenth century there were countless small principalities in the German-speaking region. Napoleon had created a confederation of 39 states. This confederation had many drawbacks as mentioned below : Each had its own currency, weights and measures. From Hamburg to Nuremberg there were 11 custom barriers. Traders had to pay a custom duty at each barrier. Duty was paid according to weight or measurement, so there was a lot of problem in calculation. The above conditions were an obstacle to economic growth. Traders and new commercial classes wanted movement of goods without any hindrance. So, in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia zollverein was formed. Advantages : It was formed for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. A network of railways was created which increased mobility harnessing economic interests to national unification. Industry grew due to free trade. It created a national unity in economic matters at a time when Germany was divided. It accustomed German states to cooperate