this is about the behaviour, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Vocational education

Download this is about the behaviour and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Vocational education in PDF only on Docsity! CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study It is common knowledge that pornography has been around for many years and that use has increased as pornography has become more accessible. According to Kraus and Rosenberg(2014)pornography is any media that describes or depicts sexual content and is viewed with the intent of heightening sexual pleasure or arousal. Access to this kind of material has only increased with the invention of the internet. According to Cooper, Delmonico, and Burg (2000) in the year 1998, about nine million internet users viewed one of the top five adult (pornographic or mature)sites. About two-thirds of young men and one-half of young women reported watching pornography is acceptable, and 87% of young men and 31% of young women said that they use pornography (Carroll et al., 2008). This means that it is highly likely that everyone knows at least one person who has viewed pornography at some point in their lives. In conjunction with prevalence, the casual attitude towards pornography and its unrestricted use is problematic. Even though it seems to have become the social norm, pornography-use can have catastrophic consequences in social situations and can dramatically impact an individual’s behavior and thoughts. For example men who watched erotic material with a woman in the room, were likely to inflict painful shocks on her in a competitive reaction-time test, if the woman seemed like she was accepting of the pornography viewing(Leonard and Taylor,1993).This suggest that viewing pornography can influence people to be more aggressive with others. Such aggression could have major impact on our society and how individuals function within that society. Pornography may have such an overarching grasp that it leads to many violent crimes such as rape and kidnaping. These implications become even more worrisome when placed in the context of children and young adult viewers; because youth are influenced by what they see, they are likely to mirror the behavior that they see(Bandura, Ross, and Ross,1963.) Additionally, in a recent study by Kuhn and Gallinat (2014), they discovered that pornography consumption is linked with reward-seeking behavior and that it can even affect the volume of gray matter in specific areas of the brain as well as decreased connectivity between portions of the brain. Therefore, not only are there behavioral aspects associated with pornography use, but it might cause problems with brain function as well. Fortunately, therapist have been able to solve the problems that pornography creates because they understand. Pornography’s impact on society can create major emotional and psychological problems for those who use it; these problems might be solved by treating pornography addiction and by creating awareness about the effects of the use of pornography. There are several ways that pornography addiction could be treated. Emphasis will be placed on treating pornography addiction in a group setting as well as an individual setting. In these two groups, pornography will be treated as an addictive substance and the suggested treatment will be acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT). According to Twohig and Crosby (2010), ACT therapy appears to be promising in curing the maladaptive behavior in those addicted to pornography. Furthermore, another form of treatment that will be discussed is more focused on society and the role that society and parents should play in ending the acceptance of this habit. Society should become aware of the impact that sexually explicit material has and that it should not be viewed as normal or acceptable. Pornography has become even more acceptable because of the invention of the internet. Many children are exposed to pornography, and most of them are exposed involuntarily(Twohig and Crosby,2010). The abundance of pornography in our culture has created a desensitization to it and it needs to be changed. Pornography is a harmful and addictive substance to those who use it, especially to youth and our culture. The psychological community needs to take action to prevent youth from viewing this media. Objectives of the study This research study generally aims to know the effects of pornography addiction on the male grade 12 students. Specifically, it aimed:  To determine the student’s profile about pornography addiction.  To know the effects of pornography addiction to the behavior and mental health of the students. Significance of the study The study is significant because it attempts to know the effects of pornography addiction on the behavior and mental health of the grade 12 students in maligaya national high school. The result of the study may provide them insights on how pornography addiction affects there behavior and mental health. 2 CHAPTER II Review Related Literature Pornography When discussing pornography, the first area to review should be the two types of material one can access, as well as the different formats presented. Pornography can be split into two separate categories, contemporary and traditional. Once split into separate mediums, the types of pornography formats can be explored. Further, implications for pornography use and addiction on the family will be reviewed. Contemporary versus Traditional Pornography In 1986, the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography, initiated by then president Ronald Regan, identified pornography as "any material that is sexually explicit and intended primarily for the purpose of sexual arousal" (McManus, 1986, p. 2). This definition broadly encompasses what is viewed as traditional pornography. Traditional pornography might include books, magazines, telephone hotlines, and even media means that are not overtly sexual. For example, a television commercial with two individuals kissing, to some, can be viewed as pornography due to the eroticism (Slade, 2000). Traditional pornography, noted consensual sexual experiences an affectionate sex with warmth and love (Slade, 2000). Contemporary pornography is categorized as "professionally produced or user generated material on or from the Internet which depicts sexual activities and (aroused) genitals in unconcealed ways, usually with a close up on oral, anal, or vaginal penetration" (Peter & Valkenburg, 2010, p. 2). Furthermore, according to Peter and V alkenburg (2010), contemporary pornography is increasingly defined by themes of male dominance in which a male uses a female as a sole means of his own satisfaction. The authors summarized that in 12 years, between 1986 and 1998, 98% of sexual scenes examined concluded with a male satisfying him onto a female's body. Types of Pornography Consumption Pornography is consumed through two main media outlets, Internet video and Internet chat room. As access to the Internet has increased, the consumption methods of pornographic materials have followed suit. Pornographic materials and consumption have become a part of popular culture, "porn movies" having 37 million Google hits versus "Harry Potter" at 823,000 (Perrin & Duggan, 2015). These Internet access points can be split into subcategories including: Internet video, webcam, and virtual reality (avatar). Thus, with a wide array of subcategories Internet consumption and the methods of doing so are accessible and private. 5 Internet Consumption Approximately 84% of the United States had access to the Internet in 2015, compared to the 78% in 2012, 52% in 2000, and 15% in 1984 (Perrin & Duggan, 2015). This increase in Internet access and technological reality has increased pornography consumption. In 2012, it was estimated that 37 million Google hits contained the phrase; "porn movies" and 506 million searches included the word "sex." In this expansion of the Internet, in general, pornography has become cheap, accessible, and private. The majority of pornographic material is distributed through online portals through the Internet. The Internet, which is characterized by a "Triple-A-Engine" accessibility, affordability, and anonymity (Cooper, 1998) makes the content readily available with little public shame, embarrassment, or harassment, which might have been the case when visiting adult film stores (Barak & Fisher, 2001; Barack & King, 2000; Cooper McLouglin & Campbell, 2000; Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Bois, 1999). This anonymity has led to an increase in consumption of pornographic materials. Thus, pornography has become a part of many adults and adolescents' daily routine and social context (Hare, Gahagan, Jackson, & Steenbeek, 2014). The accessibility to Internet via Smart Phone, Internet, and free websites surrounding pornography make content quick, easy, and discoverable. Cybersex Cybersex is a subcategory of online sexual activities and is defined as two or more people engaging in sexual talk while online for the purposes of sexual pleasure, which may or may not include masturbation (Daneback, Cooper, & Mansson, 2005). Cybersex can be used as a compliment to an already existing sexual relationship; a safe way of experimenting with sexuality, or as an alternative for sexually marginalized groups (Lieblum, 200 1 ). In an Internet study of cybersex participants, Daneback, Cooper and Mansson (2005) found that 30% of men and 34% of women had experience with cybersex. Of these 1,458 respondents (658 women, 800 men) 72% stated these interactions had taken place in chat rooms followed by Microsoft Messenger (52%). Further, the difference between male and female participants was not statistically significant (Daneback, Cooper, & Mansson, 2005). This detail encompasses the myths and facts that surround the connection between gender identity and pornography. As expressed by Daneback, Cooper, and Mansson men and women showed similar habits in viewing pornography and engaging in cybersex. Although there are myths surrounding pornography viewers, namely that men engage more than women, current research suggests both men and women view at similar rates (Daneback, Cooper, & Mansson, 2005) Gender Although cultural bias exists in beliefs regarding women and cybersex addiction, it is important to recognize that each gender engages in online sexual activity. However, 6 there are significant differences and behaviors attributed to all genders. In an earlier study, Daneback, et al. (2005) suggested that there was little to no connection between gender and the use of pornography. However, researchers Ven-hwei and Wei (2002) concluded that men dominate the use of Internet pornography and women perceive the use of pornography as negative. This difference in beliefs is often attributed to the emotional ties women feel regarding their partner's pornography use. This can be characterized through women feeling they are being compared to people on screen, unrealistic physical attributes, as well as sexual stamina (Daneback, et al. 2005). Furthermore, women tend to believe other females versus males share their attitudes toward Internet pornography (Ven-hwei & Wei, 2002). These attitudes can be articulated through how men and women view sexual acts. Males, while watching pornography, respond with greater sexual arousal to both traditional and contemporary video content. Women, experience less sexual arousal to both content categories (Paul & Kobach, 2014) . Despite this difference in perception and opinions, one study notes that 87% of young adult men and 34% of young adult women report using pornography with regularity (Wright, 2013). Cooper, Delmonico, and Burg (2000) found that women prefer using chat rooms to other types of online sexual behaviors. In their study, 70% of females who exhibited compulsive cybersex behaviors expressed a preference for chat rooms rather than pornography or real life sexual encounters. One of the most remarkable differences between men and women is the likelihood to engage in real-world encounters. Ferree, in a 2003 study, discovered that women are more likely to move their online behaviors to a real world interaction. It should also be noted that women are more likely to role- play a character opposite of themselves. This is different from men who are more likely to portray an online character (cybersex) that resembles themselves (Cooper, Delmonico, & Burg 2000). The appearance of gender fluidity in chat rooms can be attributed to two main factors. One popular idea is that it is easier for women to relate to someone of the same gender, if men portray themselves as women it can open lines of communication. Heterosexual men are more likely to gender bend in chat rooms- thus, if a cisgender male presents himself as a cisgender woman this is viewed to be commonplace (Cooper, Delmonico, & Burg 2000). Another perception, in extreme cases such as kidnapping, assault, and domestic violence, is that by portraying another gender, one can ''trick" someone into meeting up in real time for a real life encounter. These differences can be attributed to institutional, cultural, and social backgrounds. In many instances, as noted in the documentary, "Life. 2.0" a look at the virtual world Second Life women are seeking an escape from an unhappy or abusive marriage. The documentary maps out the Internet intentions of individuals both committed and single. The virtual reality captured in Second Life was created for one reason- to allow players to do whatever, whenever they wanted. There are few rules and regulations, which includes sex. This allows users to create avatars and engage in relationships that are categorized as cybersex. This life outside reality allows users, particularly women, to connect with partners around the world. In some cases, as seen in the film, connecting via online portals, these women can avoid 7 Perceived addiction focuses on the individual and their ability to interpret personal use of pornography in a pathological manner (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015b). There is little knowledge of pornography addiction and no clinical definition currently exists. However, the connection between perceived addiction, personal distress, and family relationships is quickly growing. There is a fair amount of evidence suggesting that individuals can experience addiction to Internet pornography, even in the absence of clinically verified diagnosis to subsume such a disorder. To better understand perceived addiction, one must examine the three subcategories: perceived compulsivity, access efforts, and emotional distress (Grubbs, Staunder, Exline, Pargament & Lindberg, 2015a). According to Grubbs et al., (2015a),perceived compulsivity refers to the extent to which one feels unable to regulate pornography use. This includes but is not limited to the individual's self-identified difficulty in controlling their behavior. Perceived compulsivity can include the inability to proceed with daily functions until they have viewed or engaged in pornographic material. Access efforts refer to the extent to which pornography users feel pornography interferes with their daily routines. Access efforts can include traveling to buy limited pornography, paying for an Internet subscription to websites, and user generated role-playing. These access efforts might cause an individual to miss work, family outings, or financial distress. Finally, emotional distress constitutes the amount of guilt, shame, and regret in the pre and post use of pornography. Pornography, like many other activities, causes chemical changes in the brain, anatomical and pathological changes which result in dysfunction. These chemical defects categorize what many people understand to be addiction. Addiction occurs when pleasure/reward pathways are hijacked by drugs such as opioids or by natural substances such as food or sex (Hilton & Watts, 2011). When drawing attention to addiction, the focus must be on the dysfunctions occurring in the pathways. Sexual experience, like drugs or food, can induce alterations in neutrons. Sex, in particular, increases our five senses and creates sensitivity in the brain and body. Mental Health Good mental health is very important to a person as it enables one to make relevant decisions without being influenced by emotions (negative feelings). The results of previous studies have shown that pornography affects human mental health negatively. Reisman (2008), in her study describes pornography as having a negative effect on the brain of adolescents, which induces them to more likely believe in false impressions (pseudo-sexual pleasures) than the reality of sexual acts which may cause the spread of diseases but also affects their mental health. This is for the reason that pornography can bring about emotional disturbances to adolescents such as having no sense of shame, humiliation and loss of judgement (Norman and Othman, 2019). The most perceptible effect of pornography is on men especially because pornography can prompt a man to imagine a woman’s body without clothes or to imagine himself or others having sex (Rahmania and Haryanto, 2017). This occurs for 10 the reason that pornography addiction negatively affects a man's mental health till he loses respect for a woman's dignity. According to Siti Fatimah, pornography addiction has a negative effect on the development of the human brain at various age levels such as loss of shame, humiliation, depression and others (Daily News, April 1, 2018). Such is the case where pornography causes disturbances to the brain where people who are addicted to pornography tend to keep to themselves rather than socialising with the surrounding community. In fact, the implications of pornography on human mental health are worse than the effects of drug abuse. In contrast to drug addiction, addicts can be treated by administering drugs or arresting drug dealers etc.. Unlike drug addiction, the problem of pornography addiction is more difficult to treat because there are no specific drugs available and pornographic materials are more readily accessible than drugs that makes pornography addiction very difficult to treat. In addition, the effects of pornography addiction to the brain have been found to be similar to the use of illegal substances such as non-prescribed drugs and alcohol use (Reisman, 2008; Yusoff & Seman, 2018). In addition, health studies have shown that pornography also causes nerve damage to the human brain thus weakening the bodily functions and impairs one's memory (Reisman, 2008). Previous research has shown that pornography can weaken a student's memory so that it is difficult to remember what is taught in school. Pornography also causes a person not to perform religious worship. This leads to committing wrongdoings against legal and religion. (Ahmad et al., 2016; Al-Manaseer, Al-Qudah, 2018). Thus, it is evident that pornography addiction is a matter that should be taken seriously and addressed properly as the implications of pornography not only affect the behaviors of those involved but pornography also has a negative impact on human mental health that is difficult to treat despite the prescription of drugs and modern medicines. 11 Chapter III Methodology This chapter present the concepts and units of an intuitive choice of an appropriate methodology to be used, research design, locale of the study, sampling technique, research instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment, and the ethical consideration. Research design This study was made by the means of quantitative methods of researcher. The researcher attempted to get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify and satisfy the objectives of the study. Likewise, it 12 computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population. According to Sis International Research (n.d.) quantitative research is a 15 structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources. Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by 16 looking for projectable results to a larger population. According to Sis International Research (n.d.) quantitative research is A structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources. Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical, and mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population. Qualitative research is generally more explorative, a type of research that is dependent on the collection of verbal, behavioral or observational data that can be interpreted in a subjective manner. Locale of the study The study will be conducted at Maligaya National High School, Barangay Maligaya, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat. Respondents of the study The respondent of the study is composed of people in the community of Lipa City 17 The respondent of the study is composed of grade 12 students in Maligaya national high school enrolled in the school year 2022-2023. One of the vital processes to keep this study successful. Research instrument The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem. The positive and negative impact of Oplan Rody. The questionnaire contains of forty (40) 20 questions. T The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem. effects of pornography addiction in the behavior of the grade 12 male students. The questionnaires will be distributed to the respondents. the data gathering instrument was structured as a scale ranging from 1-4. Where in the (1) is strongly disagree, (2) is disagree, (3) is agree and the last one is (4) strongly agree. This legend will help the researchers to analysis the result of conducting date-gathering. Data gathering The researcher will make a letter address to the school principal to ask permission to conduct this research study. Moreover, they will send letter to the office of the records to ask the number of officially enrolled senior high school students for identifying the participants. After establishing the validity and reliability on how gather-data, formulating questions appropriate for the study and all doing necessary modification to the chosen respondent. The thirty (30) copies of questionnaires distributed will be successfully completed and returned. Thus their corresponding answer to the question are kept in accordance with the agreement of the respondents and the researchers. The data gathered will be organized and tabulated according to the result of the statistical treatment done. In this stage, the service of a statistical consultant was needed Sampling Procedure The researcher will be using non-random sampling particularly the convenience sampling technique in selecting the participants. The respondents will be chosen based on their availability to participate in the research survey. Statistical tool For the analysis of the data and its interpretation, the statistical method that the researchers will be using are the weighted average, the frequency distribution and the percentage. For the statement of the problem number 1 and 2, frequency distribution will be used since the data will be tallied. In the statement of the Problem number 3, the statistical method to be used is weighted average and percentage. 21 Statistical treatment to analyze and Interpret the data, the researcher employed the following statistical procedure: Data Gathering Procedure After establishing the validity and reliability on how gather-data, formulating questions appropriate for the study and all doing necessary modification to the chosen respondent. Eighty (80) copies of questionnaires distributed will be successfully completed and returned. Thus their corresponding answer to the question are kept in accordance with the agreement of the respondents and the researchers. The date gathered was organized and tabulated according to the result of the statistical treatment done. In this stage, the service of a statistical consultant was needed. Statistical Treatment of the Data To analyze and Interpret the data, the researcher employed the following statistical procedure: 1. Frequency, percentage and ranking Will help the researcher to easily tally the date that they gathered. This percentage and ranking will a big help in the researchers to analysis the : 1. Frequency, percentage and ranking Will help the researcher to easily tally the date that they gathered. This percentage and ranking will a big help in the researchers to analysis the data. 2. Frequency, weighted mean and ranking. Weighted Mean. This tool was used to provide answer to the questions. The formula is: WM=xf +xf+xf ∑N WM= Weighted mean X= Number of respondents F=weight given to each respondents 22 4-5 15 50% Total 30 100% How much time do you spent in watching pornography 5-10 mins 12 40% 20-30 mins 10 33.33% 1-2 hours 8 26.67 Total 30 100% Table 2 shows the result of how do they access pornography. The most commonly use platform is the smartphone with a frequency of 20 or 66.66%. in response to the statement how often do you spent in watching pornography? Both 1-3 and 4-5 days gain evenly with a frequency of 15 or 50% and referring to statement how much time do you spent in watching pornography? 5-10 minutes gain the highest frequency of 12 or 40% and 20-30 minutes gain a frequency off 10 or 33.33% while the lowest is 1-2 hours gaining the frequency of 8 or 26.67%. base on the result smartphone is the commonly use platforms they use and they spent too much time in using pornography. Table 3. what are the effects of pornography addiction in the behavior and mental health of the students? Item Mean Description Watching pornography is one way to reduces my sexual desire 4 Oftentimes It gives a feeling of happiness 3.5 Oftentimes Because of too much watching pornography I adapt bad behavior 2.67 Sometimes Viewing pornography is normal 3.5 Oftentimes Viewing pornographic material is morally wrong 2.67 Sometimes 25 Overall Weighted Mean Rating 3.30 Oftentimes Table 3 shows the effects of pornography addiction in the behavior and mental health of the students. As shown in the table effects of pornography addiction in the behavior and mental health of the students got a mean of 3.30 which described as oftentimes. Item one(1) got the highest mean of 4 which described as oftentimes, it means most of the respondents watch pornography to reduces their sexual desire. 26 Chapter V Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation of the whole study, the findings of the study without so much detailed information is written to the summary, generalization and other interferences would be seen in the conclusion, while the recommendation of researchers to the beneficiaries of this study can also be seen in this chapter. Generally, this chapter aims to cover-up the end result regarding the pornography addiction: its effect to the behavior and mental health among the male grade 12 students of maligaya national high school. Summary and Findings On the demographic profile of the respondents The result show that majority of the respondents who use pornographic material or 43.33% are the ICT students and in the AGE the most common age who use pornographic material is 18 years old with a 50% of the total findings How do they access pornography The result shows that The most commonly use platform is the smartphone with a frequency of 20 or 66.66%. smartphone is the commonly use platforms they use and they spent too much time in using pornographic material. Effects of pornography addiction in the behavior and mental health of the students? The result show that Item 1, Watching pornography is one way to reduces my sexual desire got the highest mean of 4 which described as oftentimes and interpreted as high addicted, while item 2, it gives a feeling of happiness and well being got the mean of 3.5 described also as oftentimes and interpreted as highly addicted. The result shows that most of the respondents watch pornography reduces their sexual desire and also it gives them happiness and well being. Conclusion In summation, the findings of this study indicate that the use of pornography is prevalent on the senior high school department surveyed. It is used consistently by the male students specially the ICT department with a frequency 43.33%.. Students 27 Republic of the Philippines Appendix A Department of Education REGION XII Division of Sultan Kudarat MALIGAYA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Maligaya, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat APPLICATION FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE STUDY The Principal January 10, 2023 MNHS Maligaya, Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat Sir, The undersigned would like to request your good office a permit to conduct the approved study entitled: “PORNOGRAPHY ADDICTION: IT’S EFFECT TO THE MENTAL HEALTH AMONG THE MALE STUDENTS OF GRADE 12.”The advisory committee had approved the outline of the research proposal as reflected by their respective signature below as recommended for approval of the conduct. Very truly yours: MARVIN C. CARITATIVO Researcher RIZZIE D. RODRIGUEZ ALICE A. MENDOZA Member, Examining Committee Chairperson, Examining Committee Recommending Approval: ANGELIFE A. TEVES SHS Coordinator Approved by: SAMUEL REY S. VILORIA Principal I 30 PORNOGRAPHY ADDICTION: IT’S EFFECT TO THE MENTAL HEALTH AMONG THE MALE STUDENTS OF GRADE 12 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE DIRECTIONS: PLEASE, PUT A CHECK IN THE BOX THAT CORRESPONDS TO YOUR ANSWER. 1.Demographic profile of the respondents 1.1 Age 17 [ ] 18 [ ] 19 [ ] 1.2 Strand ICT [ ] GAS [ ] COOKERY [ ] 2. HOW DO THEY ACCESS PORNOGRAPHY 2.1 What platform do you use in accessing pornography? TV [ ] SMARTHPHONE [ ] MAGAZINES [ ] 2.2 How often do you spent in watching pornography? 1-3 days [ ] 4-5 days [ ] 2.3 how much time do you spent in watching pornography? 5-10 mins [ ] 31 20-30 mins [ ] 1-2 hours [ ] 4-strongly agree 3-agree 2-disagree 1-strongly disagree What are the effects of pornography addiction in the mental health and behavior among the male grade 12 students? 4 3 2 1 1.watching pornography is one way to reduces my sexual desire 2. it gives a feeling of happiness and well being 3. because of too much watching pornography I adapt bad behavior 4. viewing pornography is normal 5.viewing pornographic material is morally wrong 32