Computer Science 101: Course Contents and Components of a Computer, Lecture notes of Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Download Computer Science 101: Course Contents and Components of a Computer and more Lecture notes Database Management Systems (DBMS) in PDF only on Docsity! INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Soyiba Jawed COURSE CONTENTS - CHAPTERS Fundamentals of Computer Computer Evolution Computer System Organization Programming Languages Information system Development Operating Systems and Utility Programs Compilers and Language Translation Data Communication and Networks Cont’d….. Required Reading  An invitation to Computer Science, Schneider, G. Michael, 2nd Edition  Information Technology in Perspective, Long, Larry, 10th Edition. Fundamentals Of Computer Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Components of a Computer (Input devices, Output devices, System Unit, Storage devices, Communication devices) Characteristics of a Computer Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware “A Computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept data, process data into useful information and store it for later use.” Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware  Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed Volatile memory Non-volatile memory  Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware  Computer output is the results produced by the computer Reports, numbers, documents, music, graphs, pictures  An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing. I. Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware a A computer can be defined by its ability to accept input process data, store data, and produce output, all according to a set of instructions fram a computer program. Computers produce output on devices such as screens and printers. A computer accepts input from an input device, such as a keyboard, Data is processed in ——_ _» — mouse, SCcAner or the CPU according to A computer digital camera. instructions that have uses disks, been loaded into the _ CDs, and DVDs computer's memory. / to permanently id store data. Components of Computer  Different components of computer are as follows: Components of Computer Input devices  The data or instructions given to the computer is called input, and a hardware component used to enter data and instruction into computer is called input device.  Following are the most commonly used input devices: Keyboard: It is used to enter text, which contains alphabetic, numeric and other keys for entering different type of data. Components of Computer Mouse: It is a pointing device, that controls pointer on the screen, user gives instructions to the computer through mouse. Microphone: It is used to enter voice into the computer. Scanner: It reads printed text and graphics and translates the results in digital form. Digital Camera: It is used to take and store picture in digital form. PC Camera: It is used to create movie and take photos on the computer, and is also used to make a video phone call. Components of Computer Input / Output 4 "Ge. Devices Components of Computer Printer: It is used to display printed output on paper or transparency. Speaker: Speaker is used to hear sound, music and voice output. System Unit  System Unit is a box that contains different electronic components of computer system, it is also called System Cabinet or Chassis.  It protects the internal components from damage.  The electronic components in the system unit are connected to motherboard. Components of Computer  Mother board is also known as system board or main board.  Important components of system unit are as follows: Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is also called as Processor, that is the Brain of the Computer. It is the most important component of a computer, it interprets and executes instructions in the computer. Memory: The hardware component that stores data and instructions temporarily is called memory, that is also called primary memory or main memory. Power supply and fan [—> Ni : [ ; =__—__eoarve] FIGURE 2-7 fs A computer's system unit typi- System Unit cally contains circuit boards, storage devices, and a power supply that converts current fram an AC wall outlet into the DC current used by computer circuitry. SS ; = Floppy disk drive Microprocessor located under cooling fan — Hard disk drive Expansion cards R Cables that transfer =m) data from storage i] | devices to motherboard Main circuit board (motherboard)  Mother Board Connectors for storage device cables DIMM module containing memory chips SEC-style microprocessor i, | Connector for power supply Expansion card Battery that powers the computer's real-time clock Expansion slots hold additional expansion cards, such as a modem or sound card DIP halding a ROM chip Circuitry that transports data from one compo- nent to another Components of Computer Storage devices  The hardware components used to store data, instructions and information permanently are called storage devices.  It is called non - volatile because its contents remain safe when the computer is turned off.  Some important storage devices are floppy disk drive, zip drive, hard disk drive, CD - ROM drive, CD - RW drive, DVD - ROM drive etc. Characteristics of Computer Storage  A computer can store large amounts of data permanently, which can be used at any time.  Any type of data such as text, graphics, pictures, audio, and video files can be stored easily. Processing  Computer can perform different types of processing like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.  It can also perform logical functions as well. Characteristics of Computer Accuracy  Accuracy means to provide results without any error, computer can process large amounts of data and generate error - free results.  A modern computer can perform millions of operations in one second without any error. Recalling  A computer can recall the stored data and information as and when required, in a few seconds. Characteristics of Computer Control Sequence  A computer works strictly according to the given instructions, it follows the same sequence of execution that is given in a program. Consistency  Computer works in a consistent way, it does not lose concentration due to heavy work, therefore it performs all jobs with equal attention.