Timeline: America: 1810-1860, Exams of Humanities

Download Timeline: America: 1810-1860 and more Exams Humanities in PDF only on Docsity! National Humanities Center 1779 Jefferson writes draft bill for establishing religious freedom in Virginia John Paul Jones, commanding the Bonhomme Richard, wins naval batt Serapis off the coast of England. 1780 POPULATION (est.) of the 13 colonies is 2.8 million, of which appro enslaved (560,000). British capture Charleston. 1781 REVOLUTIONARY WAR ENDS with Washington’s defeat of Corn Articles of Confederation are ratified. 1782 The Great Seal of the United States is adopted. 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ends the American Revolution. 1784 Franklin expresses his disappointment that the turkey was not adopted as the national symbol (in a letter to his daughter). 1785 Stagecoach service begins along Boston-New York-Philadelphia route. Jefferson becomes U.S. minister to France; John Adams to Great Brita Madison writes “Memorial and Remonstrance” to the Virginia General Assembly supporting disestablishment and opposing a religion tax. First Fourth of July parade held in Bristol, Rhode Island. Barbary pirates seize U.S. ships and imprison the crews in Algiers for e 1786 SHAY’S REBELLION. Farmers’ protest in western Massachusetts ag conditions is put down by the federal government. Benjamin Rush publishes “Of the Mode of Education Proper in a Repu Virginia passes Jefferson’s bill for religious freedom. 1787 THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. “Federalist Papers” and “Anti-Federalist Papers” are published. Jefferson publishes Notes on the State of Virginia. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE is passed by Congress to provide territorial government for and to ban slavery in the area of the present states of Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. Royall Tyler’s popular comedy The Contrast opens. 1788 THE CONSTITUTION IS RATIFIED by the last of the required nin Benjamin Franklin completes his Autobiography (begun in 1771). TIMELINE 1779-1823 . le against the British ximately one fifth is wallis at Yorktown. in. leven years. ainst postwar economic blic.” e states. Franklin First publication of Great Seal of the U.S. (1786) Northwest Territory, 1796 2 1789 U.S. GOVT. UNDER THE CONSTITUTION BEGINS. Washington is inaugurated. Suggestions for addressing the president include “Excellency” and “Highness.” Washington states U.S. neutrality after the French Revolution begins in Paris. 1790 FIRST CENSUS: U.S. population totals 3.9 million, including app. 760,000 African Americans, of whom 700,000 are enslaved. Congress meets in Philadelphia and plans a new capital on the Potomac. First petition to Congress to emancipate slaves is submitted by Quakers (VA). Seneca chief Cornplanter appeals to Pres. Washington to abide by the land boundaries set in the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Judith Sargent Murray publishes “On the Equality of the Sexes.” Benjamin Franklin dies in Philadelphia (b. 1706). Samuel Slater’s mill begins spinning cotton (Rhode Island). 1791 BILL OF RIGHTS IS RATIFIED and becomes part of the Constitution. First Bank of the United States is chartered for a twenty-year period. Vermont enters the Union as the 14th state. Secy. of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton submits his Report on Manufactures to Congress. Benjamin Banneker writes Jefferson to apply the Declaration’s principles to enslaved people. U.S. troops are defeated by the Miami Indians in Ohio after being sent by Washington to respond to the massacre of settlers at Big Bottom. 1792 Kentucky enters the Union as the 15th state; first state to grant universal manhood suffrage. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Washington and Adams are re-elected president and vice-pres. 1793 Washington declares U.S. neutrality as war breaks out between France and Great Britain. Indians of the Northwest confederacy entreat U.S. to keep the Ohio River as the boundary of Indians’ lands. Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin. Cotton production soars. Fugitive Slave Act is passed by Congress. Yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia results in over 4,000 deaths. 1794 Britain agrees to withdraw from the Northwest Territory, and the U.S. agrees to pay pre-Revolution debts. (Jay’s Treaty:) WHISKEY REBELLION, in which farmers in western Pennsylvania protest the excise tax on whiskey, is put down by federal troops. U.S. troops defeat the Shawnee Indians (Battle of Fallen Timbers) near the Ohio River. 1795 Spain allows the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River, and the 31st parallel is set as the border between the U.S. and the Spanish empire. (Pinckney's Treaty) NORTHWEST TERRITORY is opened for settlement after Indian defeat at Fallen Timbers. 1796 Tennessee enters the Union as the 16th state, granting universal manhood suffrage. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. John Adams (Federalist) defeats Thomas Jefferson (Republican) for president (Jefferson becomes vice-president). Washington leaves the presidency after two terms and delivers his Farewell Address. Ad, South Carolina, 1780s Washington Cornplanter 5 1809 Embargo Act is repealed; Congress allows trade with all countries except France and Britain. Abraham Lincoln is born (16th president, 1861-1865). 1810 THIRD CENSUS: U.S. population totals 7.2 million, including 1.4 million African Americans, of whom 1.2 million are enslaved; population west of Appalachian Mountains is 1 million. 1811 Construction of Cumberland Road begins in Maryland; reaches Vandalia, Illinois, in 1840. First steamboat journey is completed (Pittsburgh to New Orleans via Ohio and Mississippi Rivers). 1812 WAR OF 1812 begins as U.S. declares war on Great Britain over issues of borders, trade, freedom of the seas, and the rights of neutrals. In general, the war is supported by westerners and opposed by New Englanders. Indians under Tecumseh fight on the side of the British. Louisiana enters the Union as the 18th state. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Madison is re-elected president and Elbridge Gerry elected vice president (Democratic-Republican). Napoleon unsuccessfully invades Russia. 1813 U.S. defeats British in the Battle of Lake Erie and the Battle of the Thames (in which Tecumseh is killed). British seize Fort Niagara, burn Buffalo, NY, and blockade coastal ports. 1814 British attack and burn Washington, DC. U.S. wins Battle of Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor (witness Francis Scott Key later writes “The Star-Spangled Banner”). Hartford Convention: Federalists opposed to the War of 1812 meet to propose constitutional revisions. WAR OF 1812 ENDS with signing of Treaty of Ghent. CREEK WAR ENDS with defeat by U.S. troops in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Alabama). 1815 Hartford Resolutions. New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 consider secession but compromise at recommending constitutional amendments to protect state sovereignty. Gen. Andrew Jackson defeats British at the Battle of New Orleans (two weeks after signing of the Treaty of Ghent). “OLD SOUTHWEST” (Alabama & Mississippi territories) is opened to migration of American settlers after the defeat of the Indians in the Creek War. 1816 First protective tariff is passed by Congress. Second Bank of the United States receives twenty-year charter. African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Rev. Richard Allen in Philadelphia. Indiana enters the Union as the 19th state. American Bible Society is established to provide Bibles to settlers in the west. “Year in which there was no summer” brings snow to New England in June. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. James Monroe and Daniel Tompkins are elected president and vice president (Democratic-Republican). “The Taking of the City of Washington,” 1814 James Madison Rev. Richard Allen 6 1817 U.S. and Britain demilitarize the Great Lakes, set the northern U.S. border at the 49th parallel from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mts., and agree to joint custody of the Oregon Territory. ERIE CANAL. Construction begins; completed in 1825, it connects the Great Lakes and the Ohio and Mississippi valleys with the Hudson River and thus the Atlantic Ocean. FIRST SEMINOLE WAR begins with attacks on settlers in Florida & Georgia. New York Stock Exchange is established. Mississippi enters Union as 20th state. 1818 Gen. Andrew Jackson leads troops into Florida to fight the Seminoles. Connecticut abolishes property ownership as a requirement for voting. First public elementary schools opens in Boston (first public high school, Boston, 1821). Illinois enters the Union as the 21st state. Paul Revere dies in Boston at age 84 (born 1735). 1819 MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND. Supreme Court upholds right of federal government to charter a national bank, thus affirming its “implied powers” beyond those stated in the Constitution. U.S. acquires Florida from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty. Panic of 1819 leads to a six-year economic depression. Alabama enters the Union as the 22nd state. Washington Irving publishes “Rip Van Winkle.” 1820 FOURTH CENSUS: U.S. population totals 10 million, including 1.7 million African Americans, of whom 1.5 million are enslaved; population west of Appalachian Mts. is 2.2 million. 6% of Americans live in cities. MISSOURI COMPROMISE is passed by Congress; allows admission of Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and bans slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of 36°30′ (the southern boundary of Missouri). Maine enters the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise (free state). PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Monroe & Tompkins are re-elected president & vice president. 1821 Missouri enters the Union as 24th state under the Missouri Compromise (slave state). First American settlers (300 families) arrive in Texas, led by Stephen Austin. Mass. and N.Y. abolish property qualifications for voting (adopt universal manhood suffrage) Peru, Mexico, Venezuela, and Guatemala become independent from Spain. 1822 Slave rebellion led by Denmark Vesey is crushed in Charleston, South Carolina. Amer. Colonization Soc. establishes Monrovia (Liberia) to promote emigration of free blacks. Brazil becomes independent from Portugal. 1823 MONROE DOCTRINE. Europe is warned not to interfere in Western Hemisphere affairs. Cotton mills begin production in Lowell, Massachusetts, with water-powered machinery. James Monroe “Rip Van Winkle” United States, 1821