Tri-Council Policy Statement 2: Ethical Conduct for Human Research, Slides of Sociology

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Tri-Council Policy Statement 2 Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans Docsity.com The TCPS 2 • First version of TCPS released in 1998 • Updates in 2000, 2002, 2005 and now replaced by TCPS 2 (2010) • Changing ethical and social context • Three councils: – CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research – NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada – SSHRC Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Docsity.com Exemptions • “Research that relies exclusively on publicly available information does not require REB review when: – (a) the information is legally accessible to the public and appropriately protected by law; or – (b) the information is publicly accessible and there is no reasonable expectation of privacy.” (Article 2.2) Docsity.com Observation in Public Places • REB review not required when – (a) it does not involve any intervention staged by the researcher, or direct interaction with the individuals or groups; – (b) individuals or groups targeted for observation have no reasonable expectation of privacy; and – (c) any dissemination of research results does not allow identification of specific individuals. (Article 2.3) Docsity.com Secondary Analysis • “REB review is not required for research that relies exclusively on secondary use of anonymous information, or anonymous human biological materials, so long as the process of data linkage or recording or dissemination of results does not generate identifiable information.” (Article 2.4) Docsity.com Issues related to Consent • Must be voluntary and informed (disclosure of potential risks and benefits) • No undue influence or coercion • If incentives are used should not be overly large • The burden is on the researcher to ensure that participants understand fully • Incidental findings must be disclosed • Debriefing may be needed • Medical emergencies Docsity.com Justice (Ch. 4) • Justice = “Fairness and equity in research participation” (Ch. 4) • Exclusion by gender, age, ethnicity, language, disability, sexual orientation etc. may compromise equity Docsity.com Privacy and Confidentiality (Ch. 5) • “Privacy refers to an individual’s right to be free from intrusion or interference by others. It is a fundamental right in a free and democratic society.” • “confidentiality refers to the obligation of an individual or organization to safeguard entrusted information.” • Related issues: security = “measures used to protect information” and identifiability of individuals (Ch. 5 A) Docsity.com First Nations, Inuit, and Metis Peoples (Ch. 9) • Much research in this area has been carried out by non-aboriginals • Must respect history, culture and tradition • Safeguard against imbalance of power • May require different interpretation of ethical principles • Read this chapter carefully if doing research in this area! Docsity.com Qualitative Research (Ch. 10) • READ CHAPTER 10 THOROUGHLY BEFORE STARTING YOUR PROJECT!! • Qualitative research is a special case – Involves inductive understanding, diversity of approaches, ongoing reflexivity, takes place in multiple, evolving contexts, involves partnerships with research participants • Qualitative approaches are “inherently dynamic” and “grounded in different assumptions” than quantitative research Docsity.com Aspects Of Qualitative Research (from Introduction to Ch. 10) • Inductive understanding • Diversity of approaches • Dynamic and continuous process • Multiple and evolving contexts • Limited sample sizes • Diversity of research aims/goals • Negotiated and ongoing consent • Collaborative process • Limited generalizability of results Docsity.com Observational Studies (10.2) • Non-participant (naturalistic) studies – Need to be careful – If observation in public space participants have expectation of privacy, then REB review and consent may become necessary • Participant (ethnographic) studies – Covert may not require consent • Natural or virtual environments vary in expectations of privacy • Observational studies in public places where no expectation of privacy are exempt Docsity.com Privacy (Article 10.3) • Breach of privacy may arise from identification of individuals, groups or communities when research is published or disseminated • But if no identification of individuals made, then is regarded as minimal risk • If consent is not sought, researcher must demonstrate to REB that precautions to protect privacy and confidentiality taken • You may not violate the privacy of individuals who had a reasonable expectation of privacy or confidentiality when acting or interacting • Consent not needed when personal or identifying information is not collected Docsity.com Other Issues • Dissemination of results (Article 10.4) – Need permission to identify participant – Need to respect participant’s contribution i.e. oral histories • Waiver of anonymity must not compromise other individuals involved in the research • Emergent research designs (Article 10.5) – Provide all possible info to REB and consult regularly as design evolves Docsity.com