Cold War Era American Foreign Policy (1945-1993): Superpower Rise, Containment, and Crises, Exams of Korean

Download Cold War Era American Foreign Policy (1945-1993): Superpower Rise, Containment, and Crises and more Exams Korean in PDF only on Docsity! AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY (1945-Present) Unit IXA AP U.S. History Fundamental Questions  Discuss the United States as a global superpower from 1945-1992.  Analyze the American government response to foreign developments.  Analyze how the American public responded to foreign developments. Iron Curtain  German Occupation Zones  Democratic Republic of Germany (East Germany)  Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)  Eastern Europe  Soviet Union did not withdraw its troops from occupied Eastern Europe  Virtually forced communist regimes on Eastern European Truman & Containment (1945-1953)  George F. Kennan  Strategies to prevent the spread of communism  Secretary of State George C. Marshall and Dean Acheson  Truman Doctrine  Provide economic and military support for nations threatened by communism  Greece and Turkey  National Security Act (1947)  Expanded and centralized Department of Defense (DoD)  National Security Council (NSC)  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)  NSC-68 (1950)  Justify defense spending and arms buildup as necessary  Establish alliances with non-communist nations Truman & Containment (1945-1953) Marshall Plan  European Recovery Program  $13 billion in grants  Rebuild and develop European infrastructure  Designed to prevent communist uprisings or infiltration in vulnerable nations Truman & Containment (1945-1953) Korean Conflict (1950-1953)  Potsdam Conference (1945)  Korean peninsula divided between communist North and democratic South  North Korean Invasion (1950)  Advised by Soviet Union and China  Truman and United Nations Intervention  General Douglas MacArthur launched successful counterattack  Repulsed to 38th parallel by Chinese support troops  Armistice (1953)  38th parallel: Communist North and Democratic South  Truman win/lose  Containment worked  “soft on Communism” Nuclear Arms Race  Nuclear weapon development  United States develops weapons with higher yields  Soviet Union  Detonated first nuclear weapon (August 1949)  United Kingdom  Detonated first nuclear weapon (October 1952)  France  Detonated first nuclear weapon (February 1960)  China  Detonated first nuclear weapon (October 1964) Welcome Back!  Bell Ringer: As you watch the video clip, what observations do you see? Why were these drills necessary? What was going on at the time? (Use terms and events that you know from this time period.)  Agenda and Objective: Through note, S.A.Q, and primary source review, students will identify major cold war policy events of the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations.  Activity #3 and #4 due tomorrow SAQ Bell Ringer: Second Red Scare (1947-1957)  Government Policies  Loyalty Review Board  McCarren Internal Security Act (1950)  House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)  Investigate Americans for pro-communist beliefs and blacklisting  Senator Joseph McCarthy (R)  McCarthyism  Espionage  Alger Hiss  Klaus Fuchs  Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Agenda and Objective:  Through note, S.A.Q, and primary source review, students will identify major cold war policy events of the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations.  FOR MONDAY: Read and answer questions on the Vietnam War  Cold War Foreign Policy Note quiz on Wednesday. Eisenhower & Brinkmanship (1953-1961)  Secretary of State John F. Dulles  “New Look”  Massive Retaliation  Domino Theory  Eisenhower Doctrine  Extension of Truman Doctrine to Middle East  Covert Operations  Operation Ajax (1953) - Iran Eisenhower & Brinkmanship (1953-1961) Farewell Address (1961)  “Military-Industrial Complex”  Cold War and Arms Race implications  Warning of a military-corporate state Kennedy & Flexible Response (1961-1963)  Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara  Develop conventional military strategies and policies  Nuclear weapon escalation as last phase  Alliance for Progress (1961)  Economic cooperation with Latin America  Peace Corps (1961)  Volunteer organization for developing nations  American University Speech (1963)  Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)  Military Advisors in Vietnam (1963)  American troop support for South Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem Space Race  National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) (1958)  Response to Sputnik and Yuri Gagarin  Mercury Program  Alan Shepard  First American in space (1961)  John Glenn  First American to orbit Earth (1962)  Kennedy’s Race to the Moon  Apollo Program  Apollo 11 (1969)  “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” - Neil Armstrong Kennedy & Flexible Response (1961-1963) Berlin Wall  Berlin Crisis (1961)  Berlin Wall (1961)  Checkpoint Charlie  “Ich Bin Ein Berliner” (1963) Premier Nikita Khrushchev and JFK (1961) QD > = \qD ay at tne Wali Kennedy & Flexible Response (1961-1963) Cuba Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) Soviet missiles in Cuba Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Review  1. The idea in the political cartoon was most directly associated with which of the following events in United States history?  A. The Cuban Missile Crisis  B. The Cold War  C. Containment  D. The Marshall Plan  2. Which of the following was most likely a long-term response to the event?  A. An urgency to ratify international treaties limiting the arms race.  B. The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.  C. An economic stimulus resulting from increased military production.  D. Greater advocacy of the policy of mutual assured destruction.  3. The conditions shown in the image were most likely a result of  A. American foreign policy of containment 20th during the Cold War.  B. The United States’ involvement in World War I.  C. The oil embargo of the 1970s  D. The United States commitment to spreading democracy around the world The Anti-War Movement  Activity: Share with your neighbor your reading questions concerning the Anti- war movement The Events of 1968…  January-TET offensive begins  March-LBJ does not seek re-election.  April-Protestors take over Columbia University.  April-MLK killed  June-Robert Kennedy killed  August- Anti-war demonstrations at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.  November- Richard Nixon is elected President 1 a Year in pictures... Ford & Detente (1974-1977)  Helsinki Accords  Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)  Vietnam  Fall of Saigon (1975) Carter & Human Rights (1977-1981)  Panama Canal Treaty (1977)  Camp David Accords (1978)  Peace between Egypt and Israel  SALT II (1979)  Soviet Union and Afghanistan (1979)  Boycott of Moscow Olympics (1980)  Iranian Revolution (1979)  Ayatollah Khomeini  55 American hostages for 444 days Reagan & Rollback (1981-1989)  Reagan Doctrine  Provide support for resistance movements against communist governments  “peace through strength”  Operation Cyclone (1979- 1989)  Support of Mujahideen in Afghanistan  Lebanon (1983)  Marines barracks bombing  Grenada (1983)  Operation Urgent Fury  Libya Bombings (1986) H.W. Bush & End of Cold War (1989-1993)  Iron Curtain Falls  Germany  Berlin Wall falls (1989) and Reunification (1990)  Eastern Europe  Poland and Solidarity  Soviet Union  Dissolution (1991)  START I (1991) and START II (1993)  China and Tiananmen Square (1989) H.W. Bush & End of Cold War (1989-1993) Panama and Persian Gulf War and Somalia  Operation Just Cause (1989-1990)  Invasion of Panama  Operation Desert Storm (1991)  Iraq invaded Kuwait  Coalition victory over Iraq  Operation Restore Hope (1992-1993)  Somalia  Continued through Clinton administration Clinton’s Foreign Policy (1993-2001)  NAFTA  Bosnia (1995- 1999)  Globalization  World Trade Organization (WTO)  International Monetary Fund (IMF)  Group of 8 (G-8) Foreign Policy Shifter, 1994 Seattle Post-Intelligencer