Empirical and Molecular Formulas: Understanding the Relationship between Them, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Chemistry

Download Empirical and Molecular Formulas: Understanding the Relationship between Them and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! 1 U6LM2B-WS- Empirical and Molecular Formulas Name: ______KEY_______ 1. The empirical formula of a compound is also called the simplest formula. It represents the relative or smallest whole-number ratio of atoms in a cmpd. 2. The molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. 3. The empirical formula and the molecular formula are mathematically related as follows: Molecular formula = n x empirical formula. 4. Can the molecular formula be the same as the empirical formula? Explain. Yes. The molecular and empirical formula may be the same when the molecular formula does not have subscripts that can be reduced (ex: formaldeyhyde,CH2O). They are different in any case where the molecular formula may be reduced to a smaller whole-number ratio of elements (ex: acetic acid, C2H4O2 has the same empirical formula as formaldehyde, CH2O). 5. The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. a. What is its empirical formula? CH2O b. The molecular formula of glucose, C6H12O6 = 6 x CH2O c. The molecular weight of glucose is 180 g/mol. It is equal to 6 x 30 g/mol. 6. The molecular formula of benzene is C6H6. a. What is its empirical formula? CH b. The molecular formula of benzene, C6H6 = 6 x CH 7. The empirical formula of a compound is NH, and its molecular weight is 30.0 amu. What is its molecular formula? N2H2 NH =15 g/mol. n = 30.0 g/mol  15.0 g/mol = 2  2 x NH = N2H2 8. The empirical formula of a compound is CH3. Its molecular weight is 30.0 amu. What is its molecular formula? C2H6 CH3 =15 g/mol. n = 30.0 g/mol  15.0 g/mol = 2  2 x CH3 = C2H6 2 9. A compound is 81.7% carbon and 18.3% hydrogen. a. What is its empirical formula? C3H8 Assume 100g of the compound to simplify the problem. 81.7g  C  x  (1  mol  C  /  12.01g  C)  =  6.803  mol  C  …  divide both by 6.803 to reduce the ratio = 1 mol C 18.3g  H  x  (1mol  H  /  1.01g  H)  =  18.12  mol  H        …  to  2.663  mol  H Multiplying by 3 will give the smallest whole number ratio: 3 (C1H2.663) = C3H8 b. The formula weight of this compound is 44.0 amu. Is the molecular formula different than the empirical formula? No. The mass of the empirical formula above is 44.0 g/mol, so the empirical and molecular formulas are the same. 10. Butyric acid is 54.5% carbon, 9.09% hydrogen and 36.4% oxygen. a. What is its empirical formula? C2H4O 54.5g  C  x  (1  mol  C  /  12.01g  C)  =  4.538  mol  C  …  divide  all  by  2.275  to  reduce  the  ratio  =  1.995  mol  C 9.09g  H  x  (1mol  H  /  1.01g  H)  =  9.000  mol  H        …  to  3.956  mol  H 36.4g  O  x  (1mol  H  /  16.00g  H)  =  2.275  mol  O        …  to  1  mol  O This gives the smallest whole number ratio: C2H4O b. Its molar mass is 88.0 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of butyric acid? C4H8O2 Empirical molar mass = 44. g/mol n = 88.0 g/mol  44.0 g/mol = 2  2 x C2H4O = C4H8O2 11. Isopropyl alcohol contains C, H, and O. When we burn 11.63 g of this compound, the products are 25.5 g CO2 and 14.0 g H2O. CxHyOz + O2  CO2 + H2O 11.63g 25.5g 14.0g Convert to moles: ? ? ? 0.5795mol 0.7778mol a. What is the empirical formula? C3H8O You can assume all the moles of C and all the moles of H came from the isopropanol. 0.5795 mol C x (12.01g C / 1 mol C) = 6.96g carbon 0.7778 mol H2O x (2 mol H / 1 mol H2O) = 1.5556mol H …x  (1.01  g  H  /  1  mol  H)  =  1.57  g  hydrogen 11.63g total – (6.96g C + 1.57g H) = 3.10g oxygen  …  (1  mol  O  /  16.00g  O)  =  0.1937 mol O Dividing all moles by 0.1937 to reduce the ratio gives: C3H8O b. The molar mass of the alcohol is 60.0 g/mol. What is its molecular formula? C3H8O The molar mass of the empirical formula C3H8O is 60.0 g/mol, so the molecular formula is the same.