Phlebotomy Technician and Laboratory Science: Roles, Licensing, and Bloodborne Pathogens, Exams of Nursing

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UCLA phlebotomy exam 1 EXAM 2024-2025 UPDATE ACTUAL EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) 100% PASS SOLUTION /ALREADY GRADED A+ Limited phlebotomy technician(LPT) - answer>>Authorized to do skin puncture through fingers Certified Phlebotomy Technician (CPT 1) - answer>>allowed to collect blood through fingers and veins(venipuncture) Certified Phlebotomy Technician (CPT 2) - answer>>allowed to collect blood from fingers veins and arteries phlebotomy continued education - answer>>renew every 2 years by taking 6 education units certification - answer>>issuance by an official body or professional organization of a certificate and credentials to one who has met the education and experience standards of that organization Licensure - answer>>legal permission, granted by state statutes, to perform specific acts; for instance, a physician is licensed to practice medicine Reciprocity - answer>>one state recognizes the licensure granted by another state History of Phlebotomy - answer>>began in the stone age to remove all spirits, blood baths by Egyptians, sea urchins by Mayans. BARBERS PERFORMED SURGERY Who is Ambroise Pare? - answer>>he was a barber who was also a surgeon, the red stripes on a pole mean blood who is William Harvey - answer>>Discovered the circulation of blood Phlebotomist's Role - answer>>- Connection between patient and lab - Performs venipunctures/dermal punctures - Processes specimens ethics - answer>>moral duty to determine the differences between right and wrong communication skills - answer>>verbal, nonverbal, listening Lab director - answer>>-diagnose disease -pathologist/ bioanalyst Lab Manager - answer>>-runs day to day operations -liaison between the director and staff Technical Supervisor - answer>>-staffing -one person for each lab area CLS - answer>>Clinical Laboratory Scientist -directs work of other lab staff -4 year med tech program, 1 year internship and board exam MLT/CLT - answer>>Medical Laboratory Technician/Clinical Laboratory Technician -test blood and urine -2 year med lab program, certification blood bank technologist - answer>>- Certified in medical technology - Tests for blood groups, antigens, and antibody identification and compatibility Chemistry (lab dept) - answer>>Largest department -tests: cholesterol, glucose, electrolytes Exposure incident - answer>>specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials Parenteral - answer>>piercing mucous membranes or skin barriers -example- being sticked by a needle Occupational exposure - answer>>skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials regulated waste - answer>>Waste materials that must be disposed of following guidelines and using an approved waste disposal company -example- bio-hazardous waste, sharps container 2/3 full HBV - answer>>hepatitis B virus HCV - answer>>hepatitis C virus HIV - answer>>human immunodeficiency virus PPE - answer>>Personal Protective Equipment (ex. Gloves) Source individual - answer>>Any individual, living or dead, whose blood, or other potentially infectious materials may be a source of occupational exposure conditions required for bacterial growth - answer>>moisture, temperature, oxygen, light chain of infection - answer>>infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host -A MISSING LINK WILL PREVENT INFECTION nosocomial infection - answer>>infection acquired after a person has entered a hospital what is the most common nosocomial infection - answer>>UTI (urinary tract infection) standard universal precautions - answer>>-established by CDC -enforced by OSHA -used regardless of patients diagnosis - treat all patients as though they are infected standard precaution guidelines - answer>>1. protective bar infection control system: body natural barriers - answer>>skin and mucous barriers infection control system: prevention - answer>>hand washing, ppe, isolation precautions strict isolation - answer>>highly contagious diseases -all equipment disposed of in room -examples- pneumonia, small pox -PPE- Enteric isolation - answer>>patients with intestinal infections -examples - salmonella, shigella, hepatitis A & B -PPE- contact isolation - answer>>patients with diseases that can be spread with direct contact -examples- MRSA, group A strep -PPE- protective/reverse/neutropenic isolation - answer>>- for non-infectious patients who may be susceptible to infection - examples: cancer patients - PPE: surgical mask, sterile gloves, gowns, shoe covers, 3 minute wash airborne isolation - answer>>- for patients with diseases spread by droplets that are smaller than 5 micrometers - examples: Haemophilus, TB, RSV, pertussis, measles, herpes, zoster (shingles) - negative pressure room - PPE: N95 mask, gloves, gown Droplet Isolation - answer>>- for patients with diseases spread by droplets that are larger than 5 micrometers - examples: same as airborne isolation - PPE: masks, gloves, gown OSHA - answer>>Occupational Safety and Health Administration -enforces safe working conditions -federal agency OSHA role in employer responsibilities - answer>>should provide hep B vaccination at no cost microbiology(infection) - answer>>small, living organisms capable of causing disease -examples= bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses bacteria(infection) - answer>>most numerous -unicellular aorta - answer>>Largest artery in the body Artieries - answer>>blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Arterioles - answer>>smaller branches of arteries atria - answer>>upper chambers of the heart basilic vein - answer>>vein in forearm used for venipuncture -located on medial aspect of antecubital area blood vessels - answer>>-transports blood -key to circulatory system -includes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins capillaries - answer>>microscopic, unicellular blood vessels linking arterioles to venules cephalic vein - answer>>vein in forearm used for venipuncture -located in the lateral aspect of antecubital area cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - answer>>fluid surrounding brain and meninges in spinal column circulatory system - answer>>composed of heart, blood vessels, blood endocrine glands - answer>>ductless glands that release hormones directly into blood exocrine glands - answer>>-secrete fluid through channels -sweat, saliva, mucous glands inferior vena cava - answer>>Brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from lower part of the body lymphatic system - answer>>maintains fluid balance, defends against disease, absorption of fats from blood stream median cubital vein - answer>>vein in forearm most commonly used for venipuncture peritoneal fluid - answer>>fluid from abdominal cavity pleural cavity - answer>>fluid from lung cavity superior vena cava - answer>>brings deoxygenated blood from head,neck,chest to the heart synovial fluid - answer>>Fluid from the joints veins - answer>>carry deoxygenated blood to the heart venules - answer>>smaller branches of veins ventricles - answer>>lower chamber of the heart bleeding time - answer>>test to assess platelet plug formation in capillaries -pre-surgical buffy coat - answer>>-after centrifugation of a specimen mixed with an anticoagulant, the layer between the plasma and erythrocytes( red cells) -contains WBCs and platelets differential - answer>>test that categorizes blood cells and abnormalities present Ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) - answer>>- anticoagulant in lavender tube - prevents blood from clotting by binding calcium erthrocytes - answer>>red blood cells (RBC) feathered edge - answer>>-curved edge of blood smears -contains only one layer of cells Hematocrit - answer>>-concentration of erythrocytes expressed in a percentage -also called packed cell volume (pcv) Hemoglobin - answer>>An iron-containing protein in erythrocytes that carries 02 and c02 Leukocytes - answer>>white blood cells (WBC) Lymphocytes - answer>>-assist in immunity and production of antibodies what is dialysis - answer>>patients who are in kidney failure use this to clean to their blood plasma - answer>>Liquid portion of whole blood platelets - answer>>blood cells that aid in blood clot formation serum - answer>>-liquid portion of clotted blood -has same constituents as plasma except clotting factors which are used during clot formation Citrate - answer>>Anticoagulant additive in tubes - Keeps blood from clotting by binding calcium coagulation - answer>>Phase in the blood clotting sequence when clotting factors interact to form fibrin meshwork (blood clot) extrinsic factors - answer>>Substances in clotting process that are stimulated when tissue damage occurs fibrin - answer>>substance that makes up a clot point of care testing - answer>>test performed at patients bedside -example of POC=glucose test proficiency testing - answer>>uses blind specimens to test the efficiency of a lab Heparin - answer>>- Anticoagulant in green tube - Prevents blood clotting by inactivating thrombin and Factor Xa - Thrombin and prothrombin are clotting factors Intristic factors - answer>>Substances in clotting process that are stimulated when vessel damage occurs oxalate - answer>>Anticoagulant in gray tube - Prevents blood clotting by binding calcium thrombus - answer>>blood clot in cardiovascular system ABO blood group system - answer>>- Classification of RBC antigens - Determines person's blood type autologous transfusion - answer>>Patient donates his/her own blood for later use cross-match - answer>>- Exposure of donor's blood to patient's blood to see if they are compatible Rh factor - answer>>Categorizing blood according to presence or absence of Rh antigen Basal state - answer>>- Patient's condition early in the morning - 12 hours after last ingestion of food (fasting) cannula - answer>>Tube inserted into cavity or blood vessel - Used mainly in dialysis to gain access to venous blood ambulatory care - answer>>Health care services delivered in an outpatient (non-hospital) setting antiseptic - answer>>Chemical used to clean skin by killing organisms cdc - answer>>Center for Disease Control critical value - answer>>- Lab result indicating a life threatening condition • Can be low or high cyanotic - answer>>Bluish skin color due to lack of Oxygen DHS - answer>>Department of Health Services fistula - answer>>An artificial shunt or passage (vein and artery fused together) - Used in arm for patients on dialysis • Phlebotomists DO NOT draw from fistulas forensic - answer>>Involved in criminal or civil cases - Drugs of abuse HIPPA - answer>>Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Hemoconcentration - answer>>A condition in which plasma enters the tissues, resulting in a higher than normal concentration of cellular components of blood - Increased localized concentration of large molecules such as proteins, cells, coagulation factors - Can cause inaccurate test results - Caused by leaving the tourniquet on for longer than 1 minute hemolysis - answer>>rupture of erythrocytes -cause by to small needle or shaking specimen hemostasis - answer>>- Maintenance of circulating blood in the liquid state - Retention of blood in vascular system by prevention of blood loss hypoxia - answer>>- Condition when body tissues are not receiving enough oxygen rich blood metabolic acidosis - answer>>Condition when the kidneys cannot eliminate acid substances - Can cause kidney failure and death metabolic alkalosis - answer>>Condition resulting from excessive vomiting or an abnormal secretion of certain hormones that cause excess elimination of hydrogen ions - There's too much base and not enough acid