Understand Sentence Structures, Schemes and Mind Maps of English

Download Understand Sentence Structures and more Schemes and Mind Maps English in PDF only on Docsity! Unit 2 SENTENCE STRUCTURES Te Arte Sentence Structures • Writing with uniform sentence structures can appear to be boring and uninteresting. Sentences can be varied in length and complexities to spice up your writing. Some can be long and others can be short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page and decide which one you like better. Subject +Verb (S+V) The simple sentence is composed of a single independent clause. It is consists of one or more subjects or one or more verbs. example: a. The bird built a nest made of twigs and leaves for its young. (1S, 1V) b. The actress cried and laughed at the same time. (1S, 2V) C. Pam and Tony were given awards by the school principal. (2S, 1V) Simple Sentences For a sentence to be classified as a simple sentence- • It must have one subject and one verb. • It must have a complete thought. • It is an independent clause. Simple Sentences Compound Sentences Independent Clause + Independent Clause (I+I)   Compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. - Two or more simple sentences, when put together, can make up a compound sentence. Example: The moon was bright and we could see our way. This sentence consists of 2 parts (i) The moon was bright. (ii) We could sec our way. These two parts are joined by the coordinating conjunction and. Each part contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own. Each part is what we call a Clause. each Clause makes good sense by itself, and hence could stand by itself as a separate sentence. Each Clause is therefore independent of the other or of the same order or rank. Such clause is known as independent/principal/main clause. Complex Sentences Independent Clause + Dependent Clause (I+D) Complex sentence contains one independent clause (I) and one or more dependent clauses (D) joined by a subordinating conjunction. Example: They rested when evening came. (I+D) “They rested” could stand by itself as a complete sentence and is therefore independent clause. The clause, “when evening came”, cannot stand by itself and make good sense. It is dependent on the clause, “they rested.” It is therefore called a dependent or subordinate clause. Complex Sentences Example #1 [complex] He went abroad because he wanted to earn money. [independent] He went abroad [dependent] because he wanted to earn money. Example #2 [complex] The school which was built ten years ago was already renovated when I saw it. [independent] The school was already renovated [dependent] which was built the years ago [dependent] when I saw it Complex- Compound Sentences Independent Clause + Independent Clause + Dependent Clause (I+I+D) Complex-compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.  There are some simple rules to this kind of structure: • Put a comma after the dependent clause if it begins the sentence. • Put a comma before the and, but , or or that connects the 2 independent clauses