Download Unequal Investments - Stratification Sociology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Unequal investments • Bianchi et al. (2004) • Class inequality is increasing – Growing inequality in child investments? – Is the class effect growing, too? • Spending on children – CEX • Time spent with children – Time diary data • Health behaviors – National Health Interview Survey docsity.com Spending on children • Daycare and child care – In center, home, or other’s home • Clothing and shoes for children • Other expenses – Infant furniture/equipment, bus fees, playground equipment, school supplies, tuition, school meals, toys, etc. • Trends, and regression – Controls for age, race, married, # kids, # of earners docsity.com Class effects .24 .03 .21 .22.23 .03 -.04 -.02 Income Assetts HS grad BA+ 1988 1998 Clothing and shoes docsity.com Time with children 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 M in ut es p er d ay College Non-college Mothers, total ‘primary’ child care docsity.com Time with children 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 M in ut es p er d ay College Non-college Fathers, total ‘primary’ child care docsity.com Health behaviors • Behaviors – Current smoking – No doctor visits in last 2 years – Obese – Exercise activity past 2 weeks • Trends • Regression with controls – Age, married, race, # kids, employment docsity.com Fathers smoking 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1975 1985 1995 Pe rc en t 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 R at io Ratio College Non-college docsity.com Mothers smoking 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1975 1985 1995 Pe rc en t 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 R at io Ratio College Non-college docsity.com Fathers obese 0 5 10 15 20 1975 1985 1995 Pe rc en t 1.0 1.5 2.0 R at io Ratio College Non-college docsity.com Mothers obese 0 5 10 15 20 1975 1985 1995 Pe rc en t 1.0 1.5 2.0 R at io Ratio College Non-college docsity.com Fathers exercise 0 25 50 75 1975 1985 1995 Pe rc en t 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 R at io Ratio College Non-college docsity.com College education effects -.70 -.46 -.94 .46 -1.29 -.44 -.60 .45 -1.1 -0.62 -0.48 0.75 Smoking* No doctor Obese Exercise 1976 1985 1995 Mothers docsity.com Conclusions • Class inequality exists on all measures, 1970s- present – As class inequality increases, gaps between children increase • Class effects are not increasing – Except effect of education on smoking • Under economic squeeze, parents find ways to protect kids docsity.com
