UNH BIOLOGY 412 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Biology

Download UNH BIOLOGY 412 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! UNH BIOLOGY 412 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION BEST RATED The maximum number of individuals of a given population the environment can support is the environment'sfor that population. A.carrying capacity B. effect on the intrinsic growth rate C.population size D.effect on the exponential growth rate - answerCarrying Capacity A severe drought is an example of a density- availability of nest sites is an example of a density- factor that can influence population size. The factor. A.dependent; independent B.independent; dependent C.dependent; dependent D.independent; independent - answerindependent; dependent When a population is small relative to its carrying capacity, its growth will be: A.geometric. B.exponent ial. C.logistic. D.both geometric and exponential.E.both geometric and logistic. - answerexponential A scientist is studying a population of kangaroo rats in the southwestern deserts of the United States. For approximately 4 years the population remains at or near 125 individuals. In the fifth year, it falls to 30. This sharp decrease in population size is most likely the result of density- factors. D.habitat patch. - answermetapopulation Both the land area (size) of an island and the contribute to species diversity. A.depth of the water surrounding the island B. distance of the island from neighboring land masses C. rock composition of the island D.climate of the island E. proximity of the island to the equator - answerdistance of the island from neighboring land masses A group of biologists want to estimate a population of beetles living in an area around a pond. They capture and mark 500 beetles, then release them on the first day. They return the following day and catch a total of 400 individuals, 200 of which are marked. What is the estimated population size for the beetles? A.10,0 00 B.100 0 C.500 D.250 - answer1,000 The coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) occurs naturally in a strip of habitat about 450 miles long and 5-35 miles wide, from southwest Oregon along the coast to just south of Monterey, California. What aspect of the population ecology of the coast redwood does this statement describe? A.geographic range B.population density C.population size D.type of distribution - answergeographic range Prairie dogs are rodents that live in colonies. Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies typically have around 12 adult animals per hectare. What aspect of the population ecology of the black-tailed prairie dog does this statement describe? A.population density B.population size C.population growth D.life history - answerpopulation density The figures represent three hypothetical populations; each circle is an individual. Select the type of distribution where food is most abundant near waterholes in the desert. A.diagram A B. diagram B C. diagram C - answerdiagram B In 1987, 18 black-footed ferrets, the last known individuals of this species, were captured and brought into a captive breeding program in Wyoming. In 1989, the total ferret population, still in captivity, was 120 animals. These 120 animals in 1989 represented: A.N, the total population size. B. ΔN, the change in population size from 1987 to 1989. C. ΔN/Δt, the rate of change in population size. D.r, the per capita change in population size. E. r, the exponential rate of growth of the population. - answerN, the total population size. In general, a species'niche will be smaller than its niche due to interactions with other organisms in the community. A.realized; fundamental B.fundamental; realized C.ecological; multidimensional D.realized; multidimensional E.multidimensional; fundamental - answerrealized; fundamental You decide to plant a garden in your backyard. You dig up a strip of grass in a sunny spot. When you have finished digging up the grass, but you haven't planted anything, you have created a(an) in the lawn. A.ecological disturbance B.new community C.ecological disturbance and a new community D.None of the answer options is correct. - answerEcological disturbance An ecological is the set of all populations of all species found in a given place. A.ecosystem B.community C.population D.metapopula tion E.interaction - answercommunity In a pond, tadpoles eat algae and fish eat the tadpoles. Around the pond, grasshoppers eat grass and, at night, are preyed upon by bats. Other bats eat the fish that eat the tadpoles. In this community, the tadpoles are: A.primary producers. B. primary consumers. C. secondary consumers. D.tertiary consumers. C. accessible niche D.fundamental niche - answerfundamental niche When lichens grow on bare rock, they may eventually accumulate enough organic material around them to supply the foothold for later rooted vegetation. These early pioneering lichens can be said to do what for species arriving in a later successional stage? A.inhibi t B.exclu de C.facilit ate D.tolera te E.concentrate - answerfacilitate are close interactions between species that have evolved over long periods of time. When these interactions enhance the reproduction and population growth of both species, they are called . A.Symbioses; mutualisms B.Mutualisms; symbioses C.Symbioses; antagonisms D.Antagonisms; symbioses E.Antagonisms; mutualisms F.Mutualisms; antagonisms - answerSymbioses; mutualisms In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in the rocky intertidal zone, comparing the species diversity in control plots with diversity in experimental plots from which he removed the top predator, sea stars. After 5 years, 15 species of intertidal invertebrates lived in the control plots, while the experimental plots were dominated by only two species, one mussel and one barnacle. The process MOST likely responsible for the loss of species diversity in the experimental plots was: A.mutualis m. B.predatio n. C.competitive exclusion. D.parasitism. E.resource partitioning. - answercompetitive exclusion We think of termites as insects that "eat" wood. In fact, however, termites rely on a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic gut microbes to digest cellulose—without the microbes, the termites will ingest wood, but will starve. This, then, is an example of a(n); A.obligate mutualism. B. obligate antagonism. C.facultative mutualism. D.facultative antagonism. E.None of the answer options is correct. - answerobligate mutualism You are MOST likely to observe succession in a terrestrial community where lichens were one of the first species to establish the area when you visit a(n): A.recently burned forest. B. recently created volcanic island. C.abandoned field. D.recently plowed field. E.tropical rain forest. - answerrecently created volcanic island. A.only one chemical element limits plant growth rate B. many chemical elements limit plant growth rate C. one chemical element limits plant growth rate at any one time D.many chemical elements limit plant growth rate at any one time E. many chemical elements limit plant yield. - answerone chemical element limits plant growth rate at any one time 'Fairy rings' of mushrooms are the result of A.niche construction B. niche maintenance C. niche destruction D.changes in niche requirement E. all of the above - answerniche destruction The global carrying capacity of the human population will most likely be determined by A.disease B.food supply C.population density D.water supply E.warfare - answerfood supply Terrestrial biomes are defined by their average annual temperature and precipitation, and the range of values can be organized in such a way to produce the graph. What type of biome would you expect in an area where average annual precipitation is 100 cm and the average annual temperature is 12C? A. temperate grassland/desert B.subtropical desert C.tundra D.woodland/shrubland E.temperate seasonal forest - answerwoodland/shrubland Broad, ecologically uniform areas with stable and distinctive collections of species are called: A.Sou th B.East C.Nor th D.West - answerEast he high specific heat of water means that land masses near the equator are: A.warmer than predicted because of all the heat in the water being released into the air. B. cooler than predicted because of all the heat carried by ocean waters from low to high latitudes. C. the same temperature regardless of the presence of water because it is only the amount of solar radiation on the land mass that affects temperature. - answercooler than predicted because of all the heat carried by ocean waters from low to high latitudes. If you stand at the equator and throw a ball north (really hard), which direction will it deflect relative to where you were standing when you threw the ball? A.The ball will deflect east. B. The ball will deflect west. C. The ball will move at the same speed as you and come right back to you. D.None of the answer options is correct. - answerThe ball will deflect east. As air moves from the base up the side of a mountain, it cools. What is one consequence of this movement of air? A.Moisture will drop as rain as the air moves up the side of the mountain. B. The air is deflected and circles back down to the base of the mountain. C. The air slows because cold air is less dense than warm air. D.The air picks up additional moisture that falls on the other side of the mountain. - answerMoisture will drop as rain as the air moves up the side of the mountain. If the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator, how might this affect latitudinal differences in incoming solar radiation? A. There would be no latitudinal difference because the axis of the Earth would be perpendicular to the sun. B. There would be no latitudinal differences because all points on the Earth would be equidistant from the sun. C. There would still be latitudinal differences because latitude is not determined by the Earth's position on its axis. D.There would still be latitudinal differences because incoming solar radiation would be spread across a greater area at the poles than at the equator. - answerThere would still be latitudinal differences because incoming solar radiation would be spread across a greater area at the poles than at the equator. if the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator: A.there would be no seasonality in climate. B.seasonality would increase at high latitudes. C.seasonality would increase at low latitudes. D.summers would be warmer in the Northern Hemisphere. - answerthere would be no seasonality in climate. At the equator, the Coriolis effect is much smaller than at the poles. A.True B.False - answerTrue f the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator, then the poles would receive the same amount of solar energy as the equator. A.True from east to west along the Andes in the southern hemisphere. Two people place flags simultaneously on the surface of the Earth: one flag just north of the South Pole (at approximately 85 degrees), and one flag at the equator (approximately 0 degrees). Which of the statements is a CORRECT reflection of their speed? A.Both flags travel at the same speed because the Earth spins on its axis. B. The flag at the pole travels at a faster speed than the flag at the equator, but it makes multiple revolutions in order to travel the same distance as the flag at the equator C. The flag at the equator travels faster than the flag at the pole because it will go further in one day (i.e., one turn on its axis). D.None of the answer options is correct. - answerThe flag at the equator travels faster than the flag at the pole because it will go further in one day (i.e., one turn on its axis). Which of the following would you expect to observe as you go from the base to the top of a mountain? A.the same climate and biome from the base to the top of the mountain B. the same pattern of climate and biome change one would experience if hiking from high to low latitude C. the same pattern of climate and biome change one would experience if hiking from low to high latitude D.the same biome, but varying climate as you hike up the mountain - answerthe same pattern of climate and biome change one would experience if hiking from low to high latitude Warm air is dense than cold air, and warm air holds moisture than cold air. A.more; less B. more; more C. less; more D.less; less - answerless; more In addition to burning fossil fuels, humans return CO2 to the atmosphere faster than it can be removed by: A.polluting the oceans. Per capita use of energy is highest in the United States, and is thought to be caused by differences in standard of living. The chart below shows total energy use by country. Which of the following statements explains why the United States is NOT first and second on the chart? A.The United States has a smaller power (electricity) supply than other countries. B. The United States provides better data than other countries. C. The United States has underreported population sizes compared to other countries. D.The table lists countries in order of decreasing population. - answerThe table lists countries in order of decreasing population. What pattern of growth are humans currently exhibiting? A.exponential growth B.logistic growth C.intrinsic growth D.geometric growth E.None of the answer options is correct. - answerexponential growth As the standard of living of a country increases, the ecological footprint usually A.increases. B.decreases. C.is not affected. - answerincreases What is the approximate size of the human population today? A.2 billion people B.5 billion people C.8 billion people D.10 billion people E.25 billion people - answer8 billion people An individual's ecological footprint is equivalent to the: A.amount of land required to provide all the resources used by that individual. B. total amount of energy used by that individual C. total amount of food consumed by that individual. D.total amount of carbon emissions from that individual's car. - answeramount of land required to provide all the resources used by that individual. Which of the following would result in a DECREASE in the size of your ecological footprint? A.constructing a new home from brick and stone B.setting the thermostat to 68 degrees in the winter instead of 66 degrees C.purchasing produce from local farmers instead of produce shipped from overseas D.only purchasing clothing that was made overseas E.None of the answer options is correct. - answerpurchasing produce from local farmers instead of produce shipped from overseas Which of the following statements about the concept of an ecological footprint is FALSE? A.It is an estimate of how much land is required to provide the resources used by an individual. B. The total ecological footprint for humanity is greater than the actual surface area of Earth. C.Countries with the largest population sizes have the largest ecological footprints. D.It encompasses the energy used to produce goods and the energy used to ship those goods to a store. E. antioxidant; up - answeracid; down Humans have a nearly ubiquitous influence on physical environments throughout the world. Looking back through geologic history, which type of organism can claim a comparable impact on physical environments? A.cyanobact eria B.trilobites C.dinosaurs D.birds - answercyanobacteria Giant sequoia trees (Sequoiadendron giganteum) are among the largest and longest-living organisms on Earth. These trees grow in weight by up to 1000 pounds of wood per year. As these trees are growing, they: A.incorporate CO2 into their biomass (wood, roots, and needles). B.are probably a net sink of CO2. C.generate some CO2 through cellular respiration. D. All of these choices are correct - answerAll of these choices are correct