Understanding Research Methods: Terms, Definitions, and Approaches, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Understanding Research Methods: Terms, Definitions, and Approaches and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Research DEFINITION 1 The systematic process of inquiry Helps us to make informed decisions Is an iterative (endless) process TERM 2 What makes a good research topic? DEFINITION 2 Interest Focus Available Knowledge Data Availability Career Goals TERM 3 The Market Research Process DEFINITION 3 (1) Define problem (2) Plan design/primary data (3) Sampling procedure (4) Collect Data (5) Analyze Data (6) Prepare /present report (7) Follow up TERM 4 Research in the 20th Century DEFINITION 4 was science based TERM 5 Research in the 21st Century DEFINITION 5 is collaborative TERM 6 Why do we need Research? DEFINITION 6 Keeps us from GUESSING what our customers want Justify decisions to others in the firm Avoid mistakes and reinventing the wheel TERM 7 Categories of Research DEFINITION 7 Question & Answer Question, Answer & Use Question, Answer & Effect TERM 8 Question & Answer DEFINITION 8 basic research with perhaps no specific action attached TERM 9 Question, Answer, & Use DEFINITION 9 determine the answer to a specific question (action is attached) TERM 10 Question, Answer & Effect DEFINITION 10 extends to include social interaction and consequences and human interconnections TERM 21 Idea Association DEFINITION 21 -Create a list of things that the problem could be -Helps to expand thinking TERM 22 Epistemology DEFINITION 22 -The study of the nature of knowledge within a field of study - the study of knowledge and justified belief TERM 23 Ontology DEFINITION 23 -a research philosophy concerned with the study of NATURE of reality -two aspects: (1) Objectivism (2) Subjectivism TERM 24 Objectivism aspect of Ontology DEFINITION 24 -represents the position that social entities exist in reality external to social actors concerned with their existance. - without opinion/ unbiased TERM 25 Subjectivism DEFINITION 25 - represents that social phenomena are created from the perception and consequent actions of those social actors concerned with their existance. -with opinion/biased TERM 26 Axiology DEFINITION 26 - A research philosophy concerned with VALUES, including ethics and aesthetics, but it also includes the process of research TERM 27 Research Paradigm DEFINITION 27 -thought of as a lens through which researchers view the world (a pattern or model of how research is done) -TYPES: Positivism Interpretivism Constructionism Phenomenology Symbolic Interactionism TERM 28 Positivism DEFINITION 28 -knowledge that stems from human experience -it has an atomistic, ontological view -has discrete, observable elements -react in regular observable manner -the scientific method is objective TERM 29 Interpretivism DEFINITION 29 -associated with idealism -not one answer, person's interpertation (subjective) -has different research methods: Narrative Inquiry Autobiography Arts-based Discourse Analysis (content) Ethnography Action Research TERM 30 Narrative Inquiry approach of Interpretivism DEFINITION 30 uses oral or written accounts to tell a story about how people understand their lives TERM 31 Autobiography approach of Interpretivism DEFINITION 31 researcher tells a story about their own lives TERM 32 Arts-based approach of interpretivism DEFINITION 32 using painting, sculpture, poetry, music, dance, or story- telling to express one's experience with research TERM 33 Discourse Analysis approach of interpretivism DEFINITION 33 Analyzing the language in texts and transcripts to highlight the social relationships and cultural values through which individuals make meaning TERM 34 Ethnography approach of interpretivism DEFINITION 34 researcher immerses themselves in the everyday life of the study group, using participant observation, research diaries, and interviewing TERM 35 Action Research approach of interpretivism DEFINITION 35 data is collected in collaboration with research participants to bring about direct and immediate practical change in their social context. TERM 46 Action Learning DEFINITION 46 Refers to when you use or develop existing theory to carry out investigations in order to enrich your understanding of a practical work environment TERM 47 Investigative theory building DEFINITION 47 Undertake interviewing, observing, or interacting with participants in a real situation and then draw conclusions about it TERM 48 Multiple methods of research DEFINITION 48 A mixed research method approach uses research tools from both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to answer a research question TERM 49 Observation DEFINITION 49 the process by which facts become data A useful research technique: a great deal of useful info may be obtained by simply observing people and phenomena rather than conducting interviews TERM 50 Observation Research DEFINITION 50 The systematic process of recording the behavioral patterns of people, objects, and occurrences without questioning or communicating with them TERM 51 Quantitative Observation DEFINITION 51 - Counting - Needs a question to answer - Structured - Observers are trained to count, record, and summarize data about pre-determined behaviors - Ideally, researcher is objective observer who neither participates in nor influences what is being studied TERM 52 Qualitative Observation DEFINITION 52 - Interpreting - May not have a specific question (see what emerges) - Largely unstructured (participant observation) - Observer immerses themselves - Relies on the skills of the observer to recognize, record, and interpret behaviors - Most valuable for case studies TERM 53 Advantages of Observation DEFINITION 53 - Avoids problems of relying solely on self-report measures - Records what they DO rather than what they say - ACTUAL, not self reported behavior - Doesn't rely on memory or willingness - Real-time research (at time of occurrence) - Avoids bias TERM 54 Disadvantages of Observation DEFINITION 54 - Does NOT help understand what is happening WITHIN a person (emotions, perceptions) - Cannot infer what CAUSED the behavior - Shows ONLY public behavior - Has limited future projection (will they do it again?) - Expensive TERM 55 Observation Approaches DEFINITION 55 - Natural or Contrived - Disguised or undisguised - Structured or unstructured - Human or mechanical - Direct or indirect TERM 56 Natural or Contrived Observation Approach DEFINITION 56 - Watching people in their natural habitat VS setting up an obstacle and seeing how people react TERM 57 Disguised or Undisguised Observation Approach DEFINITION 57 - Watching people via a video camera hidden in a mirror in the ceiling etc. VS standing with a clipboard out in the open and seeing how people react TERM 58 Structured or Unstructured Observation Approach DEFINITION 58 - Having a set of things to look for VS going with the flow and seeing what emerges TERM 59 Human or Mechanical Observation Approach DEFINITION 59 - A person counting the amount of people coming in and out of a store VS a machine (turnstyle) doing the counting TERM 60 Direct or Indirect Observation Approach DEFINITION 60 - Actually going out and observing VS watching a video tape of people (camera tracks you through the entire store) TERM 71 Research Framework: Evaluating your research idea DEFINITION 71 - Do the components of the project fit to produce results? - BEFORE performing the research ask yourself if you have the time, money, and expertise to carry out the project successfully. TERM 72 3 Types of Research DEFINITION 72 (1) Descriptive Research (2) Diagnostic Research (3) Predictive Research TERM 73 Descriptive Research DEFINITION 73 - Describes the characteristics and data of a market or marketing element - EX. Describing the demographic and lifestyle profiles of a market TERM 74 Diagnostic Research DEFINITION 74 - Finding the effect of a marketing decision - EX. Effect of an advertising campaign on sales or on consumer attitudes; effect of price cut on sales (JND) TERM 75 Predictive Research DEFINITION 75 - Forecasting future state or performance - EX. Forecasting customer preferences for the year 2017 TERM 76 Population DEFINITION 76 Entire group of people under consideration TERM 77 Sample DEFINITION 77 small group within the population used as surrogates for all members TERM 78 Sampling Strategies DEFINITION 78 - Simple random - Convenience - Cluster - Quota TERM 79 Simple Random DEFINITION 79 -Sampling strategy -each member has an equal chance of being selected TERM 80 Convenience DEFINITION 80 - Sampling Strategy -respondents are handy -worst to use but most common TERM 81 Cluster DEFINITION 81 -Sampling Strategy -Divide population into groups, usually geographically TERM 82 Quota DEFINITION 82 -Sampling Strategy -limited number of each group TERM 83 Research Strategies DEFINITION 83 -Focus Groups - Surveys TERM 84 Focus Groups DEFINITION 84 - used for products, governmental policies, advertising, & reasons for behavior -Work by a moderator or guide leading the group to direct conversation (everyone must talk and stay on task) - Challenges: people tend to say what they think you want to hear, must not bias the discussion (neutral moderators, control "talkers"), and physical appearance of moderator can change results -Benefits: Discussion often brings out things that individuals may not have independently recalled (RICH DATA) TERM 85 Survey DEFINITION 85 -The collection of info by asking people or businesses questions - Very common and used to find info that might not be obvious Surveys can measure a combo of KNOWLEDGE (advertising recall), ATTITUDES (complex series of questions to determine feelings about a topic) and BEHAVIOR (recalling what has been purchased in the past)