Unit 3: APUSH (1754-1800), Slides of History

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APUSH UNIT 3 1754-1800 Key Themes for Unit 3 • French & Indian War (7 years war) • Declaration of Independence • American Revolution • Articles of Confederation • Constitution • Hamilton vs. Jefferson • Federalism vs. Anti-Federalism • Washington Farewell Address • The Cotton Gin (1793) – From 1754 to 1756 an undeclared war in America between France and Britain – From 1756 to 1763 the Seven Years’ War was fought in Europe, the West Indies, Philippines, Africa, and the ocean – In 1754 Albany Conference Only 7/13 came • Purposes to get Iroquois to fight with the British and colonial unity to fight France – At the conference Franklin drew the most famous cartoon of the colonial era – Join, or Die JOIN, o DIE North America, Before and After the French and Indian War 1754 1763 • Causes of colonial disunity – Enormous distances from each other –Geographical barriers –Conflicting religions –Nationalities –Different types of colonial governments –Boundary disputes –Resentment of backcountry against elites ISSUES FOLLOWING 7 YEAR WAR • Mercantilism • Navigation Acts • Sugar Act & Quartering Act & Stamp Act • Declaratory Act / Townshend Acts – (Direct and Indirect Taxes) • Boston Massacre • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Quebec Act • Lexington & Concord Quebec | A a Before and After 1774 | oe LVANIA Ly Quebec before 1774 —— Quebec after 1774, as envisioned by the Quebec Act. ne Seitisn Lion Sricierejiney pour POWsrS Gpain, France, Ameorics, Notnorlyncls) Yeu halt alt foe. a Ss Yee tak drudbiny — ne os | IE Le Fail bre inter Ve on os Hing of all foun)” Ul have ray Tet ve anced Ot ondlid rach fall sides \°>* always Seen.) Pulsriest Vitor tis Froaty oF Pris oF ) 733 PACIFIC OCEAN ‘UNITED ATLANTIC ® STATES OCEAN [=] Disputed by Russia, . corsa | “i, FLO Spain, and Britain “Sy FLORIDA "Op GULF OF MEXICO ~~ Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation © One vote for each State, regardless of size. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties. Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. @ No executive to enforce acts of Congress. @ No national court system. ¢ Amendment only with consent of all States. @ A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. @ Articles only a “firm league of friendship.”  The Great Compromise (aka Connecticut) creates bicameral legislature  Larger states got proportional (based on population) representation in the House of Representatives  Smaller states got equal representation in the Senate  Every tax or revenue bill had to start in the House (where the people had greater impact) Can appoint domestic officers and veto legislation but checked by Congress  Had power to wage war, but not power to declare war  Electing the President was also a compromise between large and small states and thus creates Electoral College  Sectional divisions over slavery  Should slaves in the South (who could not vote) count as a person in apportioning direct taxes and representation in the House of Representatives?  South said “yes”; North said “no”  The delegates eventually decided that a slave counted as 3/5 of a person (this is known as the three-fifths compromise)  Safeguards to protect against too much democracy  Federal judges were appointed for life  President elected indirectly by the Electoral College  Only for the House of Representatives did (property- owning) citizens vote directly  Private Property Rights Would be Protected NEW HAMPSHIRE June 21, 1788 MASSACHUSETTS Feb. 7, 1788 RHODE ISLAND May 29, 1790 CONNECTICUT Jan. 9, 1788 KLUIDY the Constitution = 1787& ¥ 1788 } —— NEW JERSEY Dec. 18, 1787 VIRGINIA ~~ DELAWARE 8 Dec. 7, 1787 MARYLAND ATL Apr. 28, 1788 0 100 200 miles Fees onal 0 100 200 kilometers Votes at District Level With date of ratification by state convention [J Delegates supported ratification [0 _ Delegates opposed to ratification [Districts evenly divided (Es Noreturns Republican Form of Government has three great Principles: 1.Gov’t based upon consent of the People 2.Powers of Gov’t should be limited 3. Each branch of may be checked and limited by another Locke; Hobbes; Montesquieu; Rousseau  Jefferson opposed the bank  Jefferson held to a “strict” construction (interpretation) of the Constitution  There was no specific authorization for a bank in the Constitution  Powers not specifically granted to the national government reserved for states (Amendment 10)  Therefore, states had power to authorize banks, not the national government  Hamilton held to a “loose” construction (interpretation) of the Constitution  Elastic Clause {Article 1, Section 8}  Anything the Constitution did not forbid it permitted  Jefferson wants to back French  1789-1793 French Revolution turns ugly  Hamilton wants to stay neutral to avoid cost of war and loss of trade with Britain  WASINGTON DECIDED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL and issues proclamation of 1793  Genet arrives as ambassador for French to recruit America into conflict but Washington throws him out of the country  Washington’s farewell address of 1796  Published not delivered as a speech  Warned against “permanent alliances” with foreign nations  Did not oppose all alliances, but advised making them temporary and this would be America’s policy until end of WWII.  Warns against political factions/parties  The XYZ Affair  Adams wanted to avoid war and remain neutral  1797 – Adams sent men to reach an agreement. Instead, they were met by 3 go-betweens (called X, Y, and Z), who demanded a loan of $12 million and a bribe of $250,000 to talk to Talleyrand (bribes were standard procedure in Europe)  American negotiators refused the terms and left Europe; they were hailed as heroes in America  “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”  Politically beneficial for the pro-British Federalists  1798 – Alien and Sedition Acts rammed through Congress to help Federalists hold onto political power  Supposedly done to protect the US during a possible war with France; in reality designed to weaken the Republicans and Jefferson  Jefferson feared that the Federalists could become a 1-party dictatorship Restriction on free speech might lead to the end of other constitutional rights Jefferson and Madison wrote resolutions adopted by legislatures in Kentucky and Virginia No other state adopted the resolutions First time “nullification” theory arises