Understanding the Impact of Social Determinants on Public Health, Exams of Nursing

Download Understanding the Impact of Social Determinants on Public Health and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! MPH 520 Social & Behavioral Aspects of Public Health Final Exam Review Q & A 2024 1. What is the primary goal of community health promotion interventions? - A) To treat chronic illnesses - B) To promote healthy behaviors - C) To provide emergency medical services - D) To conduct epidemiological research Answer: B) To promote healthy behaviors Rationale: The main objective of community health promotion is to encourage and facilitate healthier lifestyles and behaviors among the population. 2. Which theory suggests that health behaviors are influenced by a person's perceptions of the severity of a health threat, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and barriers to taking action? - A) Health Belief Model - B) Transtheoretical Model - C) Social Cognitive Theory - D) Theory of Planned Behavior Answer: A) Health Belief Model Rationale: The Health Belief Model posits that individuals are more likely to take action if they believe they are susceptible to a condition, the condition has serious consequences, there are benefits to taking action, and the barriers to action are not too high. 3. In the context of public health, what does the term 'social determinants of health' refer to? - A) Genetic factors influencing health - B) Individual lifestyle choices - C) Conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, and age - D) The availability of healthcare services Answer: C) Conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, and age Rationale: Social determinants of health encompass a wide range of social and environmental factors that impact individuals' health outcomes. 4. Which model focuses on the influence of social support, self-efficacy, and observational learning on health behaviors? 10. What is the primary focus of 'behavioral health interventions' in public health? - A) To provide acute care for behavioral disorders - B) To change health behaviors that can lead to disease - C) To manage the distribution of healthcare resources - D) To enforce health-related laws and regulations Answer: B) To change health behaviors that can lead to disease Rationale: Behavioral health interventions aim to modify behaviors that are known to affect health, such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity, to prevent health problems. 11. In public health, what is the 'ecological model'? - A) A model that describes the interdependence of economic systems in healthcare - B) A model that focuses on the individual's biology and genetic makeup - C) A model that emphasizes the interaction between, and interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem - D) A model used to predict the spread of communicable diseases Answer: C) A model that emphasizes the interaction between, and interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem Rationale: The ecological model recognizes the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors in health outcomes. Question: Which of the following best describes the social determinants of health? A) Factors that influence an individual's lifestyle choices B) Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age C) Genetic factors that impact health outcomes D) Socioeconomic status only Answer: B) Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age Rationale: The social determinants of health encompass a wide range of factors beyond individual lifestyle choices, including social, economic, and environmental conditions. Question: What is the primary focus of health promotion in the context of public health? A) Treatment of diseases B) Prevention of illnesses C) Providing healthcare services D) Conducting research studies Answer: B) Prevention of illnesses Rationale: Health promotion aims to prevent illnesses and promote well- being through education, behavior change, and policy development. Question: Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy? A) Screening for early detection of diseases B) Vaccination programs C) Rehabilitation services D) Treatment of chronic conditions Answer: B) Vaccination programs Rationale: Primary prevention focuses on preventing diseases before they occur, such as through vaccination programs to prevent infectious diseases. Question: In the context of public health, what does the term "health equity" refer to? A) Equal access to healthcare services for all individuals B) Eliminating health disparities and achieving optimal health for all C) Providing free healthcare services to low-income populations D) Ensuring that everyone receives the same level of medical care Answer: B) Eliminating health disparities and achieving optimal health for all Rationale: Health equity involves addressing disparities in health outcomes and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to achieve their full health potential. Question: Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health? A) Access to healthcare services B) Educational attainment C) Genetic predisposition to diseases D) Individual lifestyle choices Answer: B) Educational attainment Rationale: Educational attainment is a social determinant of health that can impact access to resources, opportunities, and health outcomes. Question: What is the goal of community-based participatory research in public health? A) Conducting research studies in a laboratory setting B) Involving community members in all phases of the research process C) Obtaining data from secondary sources D) Publishing research findings in academic journals Answer: B) Involving community members in all phases of the research process Rationale: Community-based participatory research aims to engage community members as active participants in the research process to address community health concerns. Question: Which of the following best describes the concept of cultural competence in healthcare? A) Providing healthcare services only in the English language B) Understanding and respecting the cultural beliefs and practices of patients Question: What is the significance of social networks in public health interventions? A) Social networks have no impact on public health B) Social networks can influence health behaviors and outcomes C) Social networks are only relevant for young populations D) Social networks increase the risk of disease transmission Answer: B) Social networks can influence health behaviors and outcomes Rationale: Social networks play a crucial role in shaping health behaviors, attitudes, and outcomes through social influence and support. Question: How can community empowerment contribute to improving public health outcomes? A) Community empowerment has no impact on public health B) Empowered communities are more likely to engage in health- promoting behaviors C) Empowerment is only relevant for healthcare providers D) Empowerment leads to increased healthcare costs Answer: B) Empowered communities are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors Rationale: Community empowerment can enhance community participation, decision-making, and action towards improving public health outcomes. Question: What is the role of social norms in shaping health behaviors? A) Social norms have no influence on health behaviors B) Social norms dictate individual behaviors C) Social norms can influence what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior D) Social norms are only relevant in workplace settings Answer: C) Social norms can influence what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior Rationale: Social norms establish shared expectations within a community and can influence individual health behaviors based on what is perceived as socially acceptable. Question: How can public policies impact health disparities? A) Public policies have no effect on health disparities B) Public policies can exacerbate existing health disparities C) Public policies are only relevant for wealthy populations D) Public policies lead to universal healthcare access Answer: B) Public policies can exacerbate existing health disparities Rationale: Public policies can either address or perpetuate health disparities by affecting access to resources, services, and opportunities that influence health outcomes. Question: What is the significance of health communication in public health campaigns? A) Health communication has no impact on public health B) Effective health communication can promote behavior change and increase health awareness C) Health communication is only relevant for healthcare providers D) Health communication leads to misinformation Answer: B) Effective health communication can promote behavior change and increase health awareness Rationale: Health communication plays a vital role in delivering health messages, promoting behavior change, and increasing awareness of public health issues. Question: How does social support influence mental health outcomes? A) Social support has no impact on mental health B) Social support can buffer the effects of stress and improve mental well-being C) Social support only affects physical health D) Social support leads to increased mental health disorders Answer: B) Social support can buffer the effects of stress and improve mental well-being Rationale: Social support plays a protective role in mental health by providing emotional support, coping resources, and a sense of belonging. Question: What are the key components of a successful health education program? A) Providing information only B) Engaging participants in interactive learning activities C) Conducting lectures without participant involvement D) Focusing solely on theoretical knowledge Answer: B) Engaging participants in interactive learning activities Rationale: Successful health education programs involve interactive activities that engage participants, promote learning, and facilitate behavior change. Question: How can social marketing strategies be used to promote public health initiatives? A) Social marketing has no impact on public health B) Social marketing can influence behaviors by applying commercial marketing techniques C) Social marketing is only relevant for profit-driven organizations D) Social marketing leads to increased healthcare costs Answer: B) Social marketing can influence behaviors by applying commercial marketing techniques Rationale: Social marketing applies marketing principles to public health campaigns to promote behavior change, increase awareness, and encourage healthy choices. Question: What role do community partnerships play in public health interventions? A) Community partnerships have no impact on public health B) Community partnerships can enhance collaboration, resource D) Social networks lead to isolation Answer: B) Social networks can shape attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social influence Rationale: Social networks can influence health behaviors by providing social support, norms, role models, and opportunities for behavior adoption or change. Question: What is the role of health education in promoting preventive health behaviors? A) Health education has no impact on preventive health behaviors B) Health education can increase awareness, knowledge, and motivation for preventive actions C) Health education is only relevant for healthcare providers D) Health education leads to misinformation Answer: B) Health education can increase awareness, knowledge, and motivation for preventive actions Rationale: Health education aims to empower individuals with information and skills to make informed decisions, adopt healthy behaviors, and prevent illnesses. Question: How can community engagement enhance the effectiveness of public health programs? A) Community engagement has no impact on public health programs B) Engaging communities can increase program acceptability, relevance, and sustainability C) Community engagement is only relevant for research studies D) Community engagement leads to increased costs of public health programs Answer: B) Engaging communities can increase program acceptability, relevance, and sustainability Rationale: Community engagement involves involving community members in program design, implementation, and evaluation to ensure programs meet community needs and priorities. Question: What is the significance of health advocacy in addressing public health challenges? A) Health advocacy has no impact on public health challenges B) Advocacy can raise awareness, influence policies, and promote health equity C) Health advocacy is only relevant for healthcare providers D) Health advocacy leads to increased healthcare costs Answer: B) Advocacy can raise awareness, influence policies, and promote health equity Rationale: Health advocacy involves speaking up for policies, practices, and resources that promote health, prevent diseases, and address public health challenges. Question: How can social determinants of health impact health outcomes at the population level? A) Social determinants have no impact on health outcomes B) Social determinants can shape access to resources, opportunities, and health behaviors C) Social determinants are only relevant for individual health choices D) Social determinants lead to universal healthcare access Answer: B) Social determinants can shape access to resources, opportunities, and health behaviors Rationale: Social determinants of health influence population health outcomes by shaping living conditions, social environments, and access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. 2. Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health? A. Smoking cigarettes B. Eating a balanced diet C. Living in poverty D. Exercising regularly Answer: C. Living in poverty Rationale: Living in poverty is a social determinant of health as it can impact access to healthcare, quality of education, and overall well-being. 3. What is meant by the term "health disparities"? A. Differences in health outcomes between individuals of different ages B. Differences in health outcomes between individuals of different genders C. Differences in health outcomes between individuals of different races or socioeconomic statuses D. Differences in health outcomes between individuals with different medical conditions Answer: C. Differences in health outcomes between individuals of different races or socioeconomic statuses Rationale: Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes that exist among different populations. These differences may be due to factors such as race, ethnicity, income, education, or geographic location. 4. Which of the following best describes the concept of health equity? A. Providing everyone with the same level of healthcare services B. Ensuring that everyone has access to the same healthcare resources C. Achieving the same health outcomes for all individuals D. Addressing inequalities in health outcomes among different populations Answer: D. Addressing inequalities in health outcomes among different populations Rationale: Health equity is the idea that everyone should have the Answer: D. Using social media to promote safe sex practices Rationale: Social marketing involves using marketing principles to promote health behaviors or products, such as using social media to raise awareness about safe sex practices. 10. Which of the following is an example of a structural intervention in public health? A. Providing financial incentives for quitting smoking B. Implementing a smoke-free policy in public places C. Holding a community health fair D. Sending reminder alerts for medication adherence Answer: B. Implementing a smoke-free policy in public places Rationale: Structural interventions involve changing policies, laws, or built environments to promote health and prevent disease, such as implementing smoke-free policies in public places to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke. 11. What is the goal of health promotion in public health? A. To prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases B. To improve the quality of healthcare services C. To empower individuals and communities to improve their health D. To conduct research on new medical treatments Answer: C. To empower individuals and communities to improve their health Rationale: Health promotion aims to empower individuals and communities to take control of their health and make positive choices to prevent disease and promote well-being. 12. Which of the following is an example of a health education intervention in public health? A. Providing free mammograms to women over 40 B. Teaching a diabetes management class to individuals with diabetes C. Implementing a policy to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption D. Distributing condoms to prevent the spread of STIs Answer: B. Teaching a diabetes management class to individuals with diabetes Rationale: Health education interventions involve providing individuals with information and skills to improve their health, such as teaching a class on diabetes management to individuals with diabetes. 13. What is the role of social support in promoting health and well-being? A. Social support can reduce stress and improve mental health outcomes B. Social support can encourage healthy behaviors and adherence to medical recommendations C. Social support can provide emotional and practical assistance in times of need D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Social support plays a crucial role in promoting health and well-being by providing emotional, practical, and informational assistance, as well as encouraging healthy behaviors and adherence to medical recommendations. 14. Which of the following best describes the concept of "resilience" in public health? A. The ability to bounce back from adversity and maintain well-being B. The ability to resist stress and maintain mental health C. The ability to adapt to changing circumstances and thrive D. The ability to withstand challenges and maintain physical health Answer: A. The ability to bounce back from adversity and maintain well- being Rationale: Resilience refers to the ability to bounce back from adversity, trauma, or stress, and to adapt to challenges in a way that promotes well- being and positive outcomes. 15. Which of the following best describes the concept of "social capital" in public health? A. The financial resources that individuals and communities possess B. The social networks and relationships that contribute to health and well-being C. The physical infrastructure that supports healthy living D. The availability of healthcare services in a community Answer: B. The social networks and relationships that contribute to health and well-being Rationale: Social capital refers to the social networks, relationships, and community connections that contribute to mental, emotional, and physical well-being, as well as access to resources and support. 16. Which of the following is an example of a health communication strategy in public health? A. Using posters to promote hand-washing in healthcare settings B. Providing training on cultural competence to healthcare providers C. Assessing community health needs through a needs assessment survey D. Conducting focus groups to gather feedback on a new public health campaign Answer: A. Using posters to promote hand-washing in healthcare settings Rationale: Health communication strategies involve using various methods to deliver health messages and promote behaviors that improve health outcomes, such as using posters to promote hand-washing in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections. Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Empowerment in public health involves giving individuals the knowledge, skills, resources, and support they need to make informed health decisions, take control of their health, and advocate for social justice and equity in healthcare access. 22. Which of the following best describes the concept of "community organizing" in public health? A. Engaging community members to address health issues and improve well-being B. Mobilizing resources and support to promote health and social change C. Building coalitions and partnerships to advocate for health policy change D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Community organizing in public health involves engaging community members, mobilizing resources, building coalitions, and advocating for health policy change to address health issues, promote well-being, and advocate for social change. 23. What is meant by the term "health behavior"? A. The choices individuals make that impact their health B. The genetic factors that determine health outcomes C. The social and economic conditions that influence health D. The environmental factors that affect health Answer: A. The choices individuals make that impact their health Rationale: Health behavior refers to the choices, actions, and habits that individuals engage in that impact their health and well-being, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, or avoiding risky behaviors. 24. Which of the following is an example of a health behavior change intervention in public health? A. Providing free vaccines to prevent infectious diseases B. Implementing a policy to eliminate trans fats from foods C. Offering smoking cessation programs to help individuals quit smoking D. All of the above Answer: C. Offering smoking cessation programs to help individuals quit smoking Rationale: Health behavior change interventions in public health involve promoting behaviors that improve health outcomes, such as offering smoking cessation programs to help individuals quit smoking and reduce their risk of chronic diseases. 25. Which of the following best describes the concept of "social norms" in public health? A. The legal standards and regulations that influence health outcomes B. The beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are commonly accepted or expected within a society C. The cultural practices and traditions that impact health and well-being D. The social institutions and structures that shape health inequalities Answer: B. The beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are commonly accepted or expected within a society Rationale: Social norms in public health refer to the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are commonly accepted or expected within a society and influence individual and collective health behaviors. 26. Which of the following is an example of a social norm that impacts health behaviors? A. Eating a balanced diet B. Exercising regularly C. Wearing a seatbelt while driving D. Smoking in public places Answer: C. Wearing a seatbelt while driving Rationale: Wearing a seatbelt while driving is an example of a social norm that impacts health behaviors, as it is a widely accepted practice that is promoted for safety and injury prevention. 27. Which of the following best describes the concept of "health belief model" in public health? A. A theoretical framework that explains health behavior change based on individual beliefs and attitudes B. A method for delivering health education interventions in community settings C. A model for conducting needs assessments and evaluating health programs D. An approach for promoting social support and community resilience Answer: A. A theoretical framework that explains health behavior change based on individual beliefs and attitudes Rationale: The health belief model is a theoretical framework in public health that explains how individuals make decisions about their health based on their perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to adopting behaviors that promote health. 28. Which of the following is an example of a health belief model construct that influences health behavior? A. Perceived susceptibility to a health condition B. Perceived social support for behavior change C. Perceived barriers to accessing healthcare services D. Perceived community norms about health behaviors Answer: A. Perceived susceptibility to a health condition Rationale: The health belief model includes constructs such as perceived susceptibility to a health condition, perceived severity of the condition,