β-Amino Acids: Synthesis, Properties, and Importance in Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals, Exercises of Health sciences

Download β-Amino Acids: Synthesis, Properties, and Importance in Chemistry and Pharmaceuticals and more Exercises Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! β-Amino Acids Analysis Service β-amino acids are key structural elements of peptides, peptidomimetics and many other physiologically active compounds. Notably, b-amino acids are precursors for b-lactams, the most important class of antibiotics. Although some b-amino acids themselves show interesting pharmacological properties, usually they are intermediates en route to more complex products with biological and pharmacological activity. In recent years, it has become clear that peptides based on β-amino acids have secondary structures comparable to their a-amino acid analogues, but are not vulnerable towards proteases. β-amino acids are subdivided into β2-, β3– and β2, 3-amino acids depending on the position of the side chain at the 3-aminopropionic acid core. In addition, cyclic amino acids have the amino group integrated in a ring, as is the case in β-proline. The synthesis of b-amino acids remains a challenging target for organic chemists due to the importance of these building blocks as pharmaceutical intermediates and peptidomimetics. In the past 15 years, tremendous progress has been made as shown in this review and preceding overviews. Using many different methodologies, b2- and b3-amino acids with various substitution patterns are available. In recent years, organocatalysis started to play an important role in recent years in the field of catalytic asymmetric synthesis and quickly provided a useful method to prepare b-amino acids, especially in transformations based on the Mannich reaction. However, in many cases high catalyst loadings have to be used (5–30 mol%), reaction times are in some cases rather long, and further transformations are needed to prepare the desired b-amino acids. On the other hand, one of the more promising catalysts, (S)-proline, is a naturally occurring amino acid, and therefore very cheap. With experienced scientists at Creative Proteomics, we have developed a reliable and reproducible method using highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the rapid identification and quantification of diverse polyols in different sample