Contracts: Key Terms and Concepts, Schemes and Mind Maps of English Language

Download Contracts: Key Terms and Concepts and more Schemes and Mind Maps English Language in PDF only on Docsity! BAI1: CONTRACTS ( Hop dong ) 1. Abide by (v): Tuan theo, chiu theo Ex: The two parties agreed to abide by the judge's decision. (Hai bén dong ¥ tuan theo quyét dinh cia tham phan. ) Ex: For years he has abided by a commitment to annual employee raises. ( Trong nhiéu nam, anh dy da tuan thi cam két ting lvong hang nam cho nhan vién. ) 2. Agreement (n): Sw thoa thuan Ex: The landlord and tenant were in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month. (Chu nha va ngwdi thué nha da dong ¥ rang tién thué nha nén dudc chia theo ty 1é vao gitra thang. ) Ex: According to the agreement, the caterer will also supply the flowers for the event. (Theo théa thuan, nha cung cap dich vu an udng ciing sé cung cap hoa cho su kién. ) 3. Assurance (n): Bao dam, chac chan Ex: The sales associate gave his assurance that the missing keyboard would be replaced the next day. (Nhan vién ban hang da dam bao rang ban phim bi thiéu sé duc thay thé vao ngay hom sau. ) Ex: Her self-assurance made it easy to see why she was in charge of the negotiations. (Su ty tin cia cé ay gitip dé dang hiéu duc ly do tai sao cé ay phu trach cdc cudc dam phan. ) 4. Cancellation (n): sw hay bd Ex: The cancellation of her flight caused her problems for the rest of the week. ( Viéc hy chuyén bay khién cé ay gap van dé trong phan con lai ctia tuan. ) Ex: The cancellation clause appears at the back of the contract. ( Diéu khoan hiy bé xuat hién @ phia sau cia hop dong. ) 5. Engage (v): Thué muén Ex: Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research. (Trwéc khi tham gia vao mot linh vuc kinh doanh méi, diéu quan trong 1a phi nghién cttu ky long. Ex: He engaged us in a fascinating discussion about current business law. (Anh ay ldi kéo chting t6i vao mét cudc thao ludn hap dan vé luat kinh doanh hién hanh. ) 6. Establish (v): Thanh lap Ex: Through her many books and interviews, Dr. Wan established herself as an authority on conflict resolution. ( Thong qua nhiéu cu6n sach va cdc cuéc phong van ctia cé ay, Tién si Wan da tu minh la nguéi co tham quyén vé gidi quyét xung dot. ) Ex: The merger of the two companies established a powerful new corporation. (Su hop nhat ctia hai cong ty da thanh lap mot tap doan moi hing manh. ) 7. obligate (v): Bat budc, ép budc Ex: The contractor was obligated by the contract to work 40 hours a week. ( Theo hgp déng, nha thau bat buéc phai lam viéc 40 gid mot tuan. ) Ex: I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option to quit. ( Téi cdm thay c6 trach nhiém phai hoan thanh dy dn mic dii téi cé thé da chon nghi viéc.) 8. Party (n): Nhom lam viéc chung Ex: The parties agreed to a settlement in their contract dispute. (Cac nhém da dong y giai quyét tranh chap hop dong cua ho. ) Ex: The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage. Rwng Boreal va Co Dai cia Nga c6 thé chién dau voi Bién doi khi hau C. A. Cac nha khoa hoc tin rang ritng c6 thy ctia Nga 1a va khi ty nhién tét nhat cua nuéc chéng lai bién d6i khi hau, mac du kho chita carbon du6éi mat dat ciing khién cac khu vutc nay dé bi ton thuong khi dugc giai phong bang carbon, mét nghién cttu gan day da phat hién ra rang m6t ntta lugng carbon cua thé gidi dugc lvu tri? trong vong quanh dat Vung Permafrost, khoang hai phan ba nam 6 Nga. Cac song bang ky cyu, chting 1a m6t sy pha tron ky diéu dugc goi 1a ritng hai san; "Co rat nhiéu carbon 6 dé va rat dé bi ton thuong. ' Josep Canadell, dong tac gia cua nghién ci. ' Néu tinh trang tan vd permafrost, chung t6i c6 thé phat hanh fen phan tram mnre carbon mét nam trong vai thé ky so vdi cac m6 hinh tru’éc dé cua chting tdi dy dodn. Sé t6n rat nhiéu chi phi dé giam khi thai cia chung ta dén mirc dé - nhung sé tén nhiéu thiét hai hon néu chung ta kh6ng lam. ' B. C. Nghién cttu da duc céng bé trong Vong Biogeochemical Cycles toan cau. Cac nha nghién cttu phat hién ra rang khu vuc nay chita 1,672 ty tan carbon hitu co, nhiéu trong sé do vai feet dui long dat, ' sé chiém khoang 50 phan tram cua wéc tinh trén toan thé gidi dudi mat dat 1a carbon1. Mot giay to khac dugc xuat ban trén Thién nhién phat hién ra rang ritng gia , noi trang diém cé 1é 1a m6t ntfa khu ring hai san, 'tiép tuc tich Itty carbon, trai ngugc vi quan diém ding 1au rang chung 1a trung tinh bang carbon’. Mac du l6p xe va c6n tring Infestation da pha huy toan b6 canh rifng va tha vao bau kh6ng khi ma chung chita carbon, cac khu ritng gia céi van tiép nhan nhiéu hon nhitng phién nhiéu ty nhién nay, cho biét, tac gia dan dau Ssbastiaan Luyssaert, mot nha sinh hoc tai Dai hoc Antwerp ¢ Bi .. ‘Day 1a tat ca ly do dé bao vé ritng hai san cia Nga,’ lay trong 500 triéu tan carbon m6t nam, hoac khoang mét phan nam cua carbon dugc hap thy béi khdi lugng dat ctia thé gidi, ng Canadell ndi, ai 1a nguwoi Gidm déc diéu hanh cua Dy an Carbon Toan cau, co tru sé tai Canberra. C. C. Jing Ming Chen, m6t giao sv dia ly ctia Dai hoc Toronto chuyén vé m6 hinh khi hau cho vung than thién, cho biét: ' Viéc cat cay boreal lam tang lugng carbon trong khi quyén va mat 50 dén 100 nam dé dua lugng carbon d6 tré lai Duéi dat. ' Luysaaert va Chen tranh luan cé m6t trudéng hop manh mé dé bao tén ritng gia moc lén. ' Tét hon 1a git? cang nhiéu carbon trong ring cang tét ngay bay gid. 'Ong Luyssaert giai thich,' Néu chting ta mu6n tranh cdc qué trinh khong thé dao ngugc nhu lam tan chay permafrost hoac thay ddi cac dong nuéc dai dung, chung ta hoan toan phai kiém soat khi thai cua minh trong hai hoac ba thap ky tdi, ft 1a mOt trvgng hgp ban can phai can thi can canh, '' Méi de doa dén ritng cay trudng song hién nay khong dang ké. 'giai thich Nigel Roulet, m6t chuyén gia chu ky carbon tai Dai hoc McGill ¢ Montreal,’ nhung tdi tin rang ap luc sé tang lén khi khu vic 4m hon va hoat dong 6 dé dé dang hon. Ngoai ra, toi mong dgi nhitng nguén luc nay sé tré nén quy gia hon nhu nhitng nguon luc khac dang kiét qué. D. C Cac nha khoa hoc ndi rang Nga va Kazakhstan c6 thé dong gdp déc dao cho cuéc chién ch6ng lai sy 4m lén toan cau bang cach thu hoach co hoang da da vurgt qua 100,000 dam dat nong nghiép bi bo roi trong chin muoi nam, va st? dung chting dé 1am ethanol - hoac, t6t hon nita, hay dot chay chung trong cdc nha may dién than. Theo Nicolas Vuichard, tac gia hiéu trudéng cla mét to giay dugc cdng bé trong Khoa hoc va Céng nghé Méi trudng cua Washington, DC, stv dung co dé lam ethanol sé lam tuan hoan trén mat dat, hon 60 nam, khoang 10 triéu tan carbon m6t nam - mét phan tu 1a van dé géc chét trong dat va phan con lai trong viéc san xuat ethanol nhu m6t sy thay thé cho cdc nguon nhién liéu dya trén dau m6, 'Diéu dé kh6ng 16n véi quy m6 thé gidi, nhung no rat dang ké,' 6ng noi. Hoa thach phat ra khoang tam ty tan carbon mét nam, trong dé khoang hai ty tan dutgc hap thy bdi cay va dat. E. Renton Righelato, tham cac dong nghiép nghién cttu tai Dai hoc Reading va cufu chu tich cua Thé gidi Tin tong, dong y, 'Cho rang nd sé mat toan bd nguon cung cap dat cd thé thay thé chi hai phan ba nhu cau nhién liéu van chuyén cua ching ta,’ Anh ta ndi, ' sinh hoc khong phai 1a mot giai phap au dai thuc tién cho khi thai van tai. Diéu chung ta can 1a nhién liéu kh6ng chita carbon Nhung trong truéng hgp cac ving dat bi bo roi, str dung cd lam sinh hoc cé thé dong gop / anh ta thém vao, Nghién cttu dong tac gia Adam Wolf, thudc Vién Carnegie Tor Science tai Dai hoc Stanford, trich dan m6t nghién cttu béi Elliott Tap chi Campbell In Science da cho thay rang d6t cd trong m6t cay than tang gap d6i long tiét kiém trong khi thai carbon so véi viéc sv’ dung cling co dé tao ra ethanol. ' Néu sinh hoc sap giam khi thai, str dung cdc ving dat bi bo roi dé str dung dién va than tat 1a ca curge tot nhat cua ching ta, ' 6ng ndi, ' Ca hai quéc gia nay déu cé nha may dién than, dé qua trinh bat dau s6m / Nhu vay, Nga va Kazakhstan hién dang @ vi tri dé tro thanh nha lanh dao vé nang lugng xanh, va co thé str dung co dé xuat khau dién sach ngoai dau khi, theo 6ng Wolf. Wild grasses in Russia and Kazakhstan Scientists believe that wild grasses which are currently growing on former 10... ee Russia and Kazakhstan could be useful in combating environmental problems. There are two different ideas concerning how this could happen. With the first idea, approximately ten million tons of carbon would be stored in the ground, and three-quarters of this would create 11................. that could be used instead of petroleum-based fuels. The second idea is to burn the grasses in 12... power plants. Supporters of this idea say that the effect in reducing carbon emissions would be twice as great as if the first idea was carried out, The grasses would be used to produce 13.................44 and production of this could begin in a short period of time. Co hoang 6 Nga va Kazakhstan Cac nha khoa hoc tin rang co dai hién dang phat trién trén 10. ... cli cla Nga va Kazakhstan c6 thé hiru ich trong viéc ch6ng lai cdc van dé mdi truéng. Co hai y kién khac nhau vé cach diéu nay co thé xay ra. V6i y tung dau tién, khodng mui triéu tan carbon sé du¢c luwu tri? trong long dat, va 3/4 trong sé nay sé tao ra chat................ cé thé dutgc stv dung thay cho nhién liéu tir dau mo. Y tung thir hai 1a dét cod 12... nha may dién. Nhitng nguéi ing hé y tuéng nay noi rang hiéu qua gidm lugng khi thai carbon sé l6n gap déi so véi khi y twéng dau tién dugc thurc hién, Co sé dugc stv dung dé san xuat 13.0.0... va viéc san xudat nay cé thé bat dau trong mét khodng théi gian ngan.