Quantum Wave Mechanics: Duality, Schrödinger Equation, and Interference - Prof. Hayat, Lecture notes of Physics

Download Quantum Wave Mechanics: Duality, Schrödinger Equation, and Interference - Prof. Hayat and more Lecture notes Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Waves Quantum Quantum waves are fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics, representing the probabilistic nature of particles at the quantum level. Unlike classical waves, quantum waves describe the wave-like behavior of particles, such as electrons, protons, and even atoms. This wave-particle duality is one of the core principles of quantum mechanics, indicating that particles can exhibit properties of both waves and particles. Wave-Particle Duality The concept of wave-particle duality was first introduced by Louis de Broglie in 1924. De Broglie proposed that particles, such as electrons, could exhibit wave-like behavior. This hypothesis was experimentally confirmed in 1927 by the Davisson-Germer experiment, which demonstrated electron diffraction patterns akin to those produced by light waves. Schrödinger Equation The Schrödinger equation is a key mathematical formulation in quantum mechanics that describes how the quantum state of a physical system changes over time. It is expressed as: Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle The wave nature of particles leads to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927. This principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the exact position and momentum of a particle with arbitrary precision. Mathematically, it is expressed as: Category: Quantum Wave Mechanics