Overview of Chinese, Japanese, & Indian Literature in East & South Asian Cultures, Essays (high school) of English

Download Overview of Chinese, Japanese, & Indian Literature in East & South Asian Cultures and more Essays (high school) English in PDF only on Docsity! ASIAN LITERATURE ASIAN LITERATURE » Asia is the most largest continent in the world. »Part of getting to know their literary treasuries. >Get to know about their various writers, who made their country well-known all over the world. >It explore the literature of China, Japan, India, Thailand and Indonesia. What is Chinese Literature? Includes Includes Includes Includes Includes fiction Physolophical religious Poetry Scientific Works Writing Objectives: > Describe Chinese Literature >Enumerate Chinese writers » Explain the modern Chinese literature TOpics: » Begging of the Chinese Literature. » Chinese Poetry. » Classical Prose. » Modern Literature. Classical Poetry > Classic of History - Written by rulers and officials of Zhou period. >The Classic of Rites - Collection of text that describes ancient rites and court ceremony - Zhou Dynasty >The Spring and Autumn Annals -Chronological history of the state of Lu Classical poetry >The Analects of Confucius -A book of sayings -Classical poetry reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty. The early Tang period was known for its lushi, consisting of 8 lines with 5 to 7 characters in each line. Classical Poets Writers Li Po (Li Bai) > Known for the Romanticism of his poems. > Courtesy name Taibai >» Art name Qinglian Jushi > Took traditional poetic forms to new heights g z a x Tu fu >» Known as a poet-historian >» A Confucian moralist > Junior Reminder of the emperor >» Died of sickness on a boat Classical Prose »Mencius (Mengzi) -Confusian philosopher -Often referred to as the "second sage" -Claims that "human nature is good" Classical Prose The Tang period saw the emergence of the neoclassical style of prose, which strongly influenced prose writing for the next years. Classical Prose Han Yu (786-824) was a major essayist who strongly advocated the return of Confucian orthodoxy. Vernacular fiction became popular after the 14th century. The greatest 18th century vernacular novel is Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueagin. Writers in Modern Period: Li Boyuan He was a writer who used vernacular for those people who people who did not receive classical education. His writings are focused on social and political issues during the late Qing dynasty as a reflection of the Chinese society of that period. Writers in Modern Period: Rime a eB ah BS te ee Lui E. He was a writer, archaeologist, and politician who used Symbolism and classical writing illustrations in his writing. Writers in Modern Period: Zheng Pu He was a novelist who used symbolism and classical literature. He was also know as the only author who knew different language. French language. Japanese Literature Japanese literature has landed a special place in the worldwide literary scene when manga was introduced. The Western discovery of Japanese literature was aided by William George Aston’s A History of Japanese Literature first published in New York in 1899. The literary forms of China, as well as Chinese ideographic forms, are at the root of Japanese literature. The Japanese have an extensive literature Spanning more than twelve centuries, which are divided into different periods. Archaic Period lt was marked by two events that were of prime importance to the development of literature in Japan: Nara Period Considered as the Golden Age of Poetry, it began in 710 AD when Nara was made the seat of the emperor’s government and ended in 794 AD when the capital was moved to Nagaoka. It produce two important Literary works: A.Kojiki or Records of Ancient Matters, which contain the early traditions of the Japanese race, mythology, and legendary history; and B.Man'yoshu or Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves, the oldest extant anthology of Japanese poetry. Oldest extant anthology of Japanese poetry Divided into twenty chapters or kan, it contains some 4,500 poems written over a period of about 440 years and representing the works of several hundred poets. This collection employs two principal poetic forms: tanka or short poem, the most universal form of poetry in Japan, made up of 31 syllables arranged in five lines or units; and choka or long poem, formed with 31 syllables with undefined length and concluding with an extra seven-syllable line. The popular work in this Period: >» Kokinshu (collection of ancient and modern peoms) -It is an anthology of the best peoms during the previous 150 years. >The tale of Genji by Murasaki shikibu -It is refered as the first modern Japanese novel. Kamakura-Muromachi Period It was characterized by a constant State of warfare and turmoil, and the decline of learning. The important works in this period: >» Shin Kokinshd (new collection of ancients and modern peoms) -This is the reflective of the gloom and solitude of the period. >» Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike) -It tells the defeat of the Taira by the Minamoto clan. > Gempei Seisuki -This is the history of the rise and fall of the Gen and Hei. -Iwo noble families who faught for absolute over japan during 12th century. > Tsurezuregusa (Essays in Idleness) by Yoshida Kenko -A collection of essays on various subject. Meiji Era The Meiji era saw the reopening of Japan to the West and was a period of rapid industrialization. The writers in this era: Fukuzawa Yukichi Nakae Chomin -Wrote enlightenment literature during this era. Ichiyo Higuchi - She wrote short stories about powerless woman during this era. She is also the most important writers who emerged during this era. The Writers in this period Kenzaburo Oe -He wrote A Personal Matter in 1964 and it also became as Japan’s second winner of the noble prize for literature. Kobo Abe -He is writing fantastic novels such as, Woman in the Dunes. Which won the Yomiuri Prize for literature in 1962. Shizuko Todo -She won in 1962 naoki prize for Ripening Summer. The story was about comples psychology of modern women. Indian Literature The term Indian Literature is used here to refer to literature produced across the indian subcontinent prior to the creation of the republic of India in 1947 and within the republic of india after 1947. Indian literature, writings of subcontinent, produced their in a variety of vernacular languages including: » Sancrist » Prakrit > Pali >» Bengali » Bihari >» Gujarati > Hindi »Kannada » Kashmiri VV VV VV VV V WV »Malayalam Oriya Punjabi Rajasthani Tamil Telugu Urdu Lahnda Saraiki Sindhi English The earliest Indian Literature took the form of the canolical Hindu sacred writings, known as the Veda, which were written in Sanskrist. There are_four Vedac: Sama Veda Sama Veda (“knowledge of the Melodies”) -A collection of chants and melodies drawn from the Rig Veda and are to be sung during worship. Altharva Veda Altharva Veda (“knowledge of the fire Priest”) - A collection Of charms, spells, and hymns, largely outside of the scope of worship and WeexK >To the Veda were added prose commentaries such as the Brahmanas and the Upanishads. The production of Sanskrit literature extended from about 1500 BCE to about 1000 CE and reached its height of development in the 1st to 7th centuries CE. In addition to sacred and philosophical writings, Such genres as erotic and devotional lyrics, court poetry, plays, and narrative folktales emerged. » Because Sanskrit was identified with the Brahmanical religion of the Vedas, Buddhism and Jainism adopted other literary languages (Pali and Ardhamagadhi, respectively). From these and other related languages emerged the modern languages of northern India. The Mabharata and The Ramayana The Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as the Bhagavata-purana and the other Puranas. In addition, the Sanskrit philosophies were the source of philosophical writing in the later literatures, and the Sanskrit schools of rhetoric were of great importance for the development of court poetry in many of the modern literatures. The South Indian language of Tamil iS an exception to this pattern of Sanskrit influence because it had a classical tradition of its own. Urdu and Sindhi are other exceptions. Beginning in the 19th century, particularly during the height of British control over the subcontinent, Western literary models had an impact on Indian literature, the most striking result being the introduction of the use of vernacular prose ona major scale. Such forms as the novel and short story began to be adopted by Indian writers, as did realism and an interest in social questions and psychological description. A tradition of literature in English was also established in the subcontinent. THAILAND AND INDONESIAN MN VW O) Las) Thai Literature. Indian literature greatly influenced Thai literature. In fact, the national epic of Thailand is called Ramakien and was referred to as the Thai version of Ramayana. However, numerous versions of the epic were lost after the war of Ayutthaya. INAO It is a classical Literary work in Thailand, which is the most important Literary Work because It represented the history of the Land, Including the people’s tradition, customs, manners and figures prominently in the repertoire classical dramas. Sunthorn Phu (1786-1855) He was regarded as one of the major literary figures in Thailand. His style of writing is sensitive toward the life and sentiments of the common folk. This style is brought about by his adventurous life endeavors. Her best known works: »Phu Di »Nung Nai Roi > Nit » Chaichana Khong Luang Naruban. Malai Choopinit lt was a popular name in full- length stories. His prominent works are Thung Maharat, a novel about rural life, and Long Phrai, a novel that is about an adventure in the forest. INDONESIAN LITERATURE In Neolithic period, there was a Javanese shadow puppets, it was called as Wayang. this was perform in theater. This was also develop in Indianization Period. Modern Literature In the modern Literature in Indonesian it was characterized by works with western influences, this was in twentieth century. In this era they usually fucos on “beast fables,” legends, riddles, adventure stories, and more. The text they written was various language.