Welcome to Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology, Exams of Rural Sociology

Download Welcome to Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology and more Exams Rural Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Welcome to Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology SESSION 4 CULTURE MR CHITRASENA PADHY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CULTURE • Learned behaviour, which has been organized into patterns and is shared and transmitted among the members of society, is known as culture. Example of Enculturation • A child learning a good habit of not stealing anything from anyone in school is enculturation, Role of culture in Extension: • Culture is dynamic and continuously changes. • greater success if improved practices introduced are in familiar terms • Change occurs if lack of adjustment or stress • Change in technology usually more readily accounted than change in other aspects of culture • Ethnocentrism: • Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. NORMS • Norms are the specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation. • agreed-upon expectations and rules by which the members of a culture behave. Folkways • Folkways often referred to as "customs." • standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant. • norms for everyday behaviour that people follow for the sake of tradition. • Breaking a folkway does not usually have serious consequences. • the practice of waiting in (or on) line in many societies is an example of a folkway. Other examples include the concept of appropriate dress dependent on setting, raising one's hand to take a turn speaking in a group, • saying "bless you" when someone sneezes, • talking quietly at a restaurant, • not talking to the person in the bathroom stall next to you, • holding the door for the person walking in behind you, • People feel strongly about them and violating them typically results in disapproval. • Religious doctrines are an example of mores. • For instance, if someone were to attend church in the nude, he or she would offend most people of that culture and would be morally shunned. • Chewing with one's mouth closed is expected. • Being married to more than one person is not acceptable in most areas. • Using the phrase "thank you" is expected when someone has provided a service. • Sending a thank you note to someone who has given a present is expected • A taboo is a norm engrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion for most people. • Slavery - humans are treated as property and made to work for no pay • about fifty or sixty years ago, ending a marriage in divorce was considered a social taboo as it was perceived as undermining the family and breaking up the most valued social institution. • in some Muslim cultures, eating pork is taboo because the pig is considered unclean. • cannibalism is taboos in most countries. • Cannibalism - a human being eating the flesh of another human being • Flowers - giving an even number of flowers is taboo in Russia because they are for the dead •Polygamy - having more than one spouse at the same time