Personal Protective Equipment and Health & Safety Guidelines, Exams of Nursing

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Page 1 West Coast EMT Block 1 Exam with 100% Correct Answers 2023-2024 What is PPE? - ANSWER-Personal Protective Equipment If blood or body fluid is present and is subject to "splashing", what type of PPE should you wear? - ANSWER-Gloves, a standard surgical mask, eye protection, and gown If large amounts of body fluids are present, what should you do? - ANSWER-Wear a gown and double gloves What are three things that you should always do to protect yourself from disease transmission? - ANSWER-Wear vinyl or latex gloves, assume every patient is potentially infected, and wash your hands after each patient interaction When should you apply your PPE's? - ANSWER-En route to a call What form of protection is most likely to stop the spread of disease? - ANSWER- Hand washing What should you do with sharp objects such as needles when in need of disposing? - ANSWER-Place in a "sharps" container The spread of pathogen through an inanimate object - ANSWER-Indirect contact What is a communicable disease? - ANSWER-A contagious disease What is the name of the medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body? - ANSWER-Infectious disease The transmission of an organism from person to person through touch. - ANSWER- Direct Contact Page 2 Microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans - ANSWER-Bloodborne Pathogens The spread of infectious agents through mechanisms such as droplets or dust - ANSWER-Airborne Transmission The contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease - ANSWER-Foodborne Transmission The spread of infection by animals or insects that carry an organism from one person or place to another. - ANSWER-Vector-borne Transmission What are the five stages of the grieving process? - ANSWER-Denial, Anger/Hostility, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance What stage of the grieving process is identified by internalized anger, hopelessness, and the desire to die? - ANSWER- Depression The stage of the grieving process that involves refusal to accept diagnosis or care is known as - ANSWER- Denial The stage of the grieving process where an attempt is made to secure a prize for good behavior or promise to change one's lifestyle is known as - ANSWER- Bargaining The stage of grieving where the person is ready to die is known as - ANSWER- Acceptanc e What is the name of the team of psychological professionals that work with EMS professionals to work out stressful events? - ANSWER-Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) From the age of 1 to the age of 40, what is the leading cause of death? - Page 5 their actions? - ANSWER-The Good Samaritan law What is it called when a parent isn't present, but whoever is in charge (such as a teacher) can give consent to treatment? - ANSWER-In Loco Parentis Failure to provide care when able - ANSWER-Negligence What is the responsibility to care for a patient despite personal biases called? - ANSWER-Duty to act Termination of care without probable cause or consent is referred to as what? - ANSWER- Abandonment What is false imprisonment? - ANSWER-Unauthorized confinement What is the most effective communication? - ANSWER-Non-Verbal Communication What is the ability to transmit and receive info simultaneously called? - ANSWER- Duplex Why was the Emergency Medical Dispatch System developed? - ANSWER-To allow dispatchers the ability to provide medical instructions to the caller until EMS arrives Radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location - ANSWER-Base Station Radio frequencies between 300 and 3,000 MHz - ANSWER-UHF Radio frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz - ANSWER-VHF A process in which electronic signals are converted into coded, audible signals - ANSWER-Telemetry At what age is a person considered to be a neonate? - ANSWER-0-1 Month What is the standard BPS of a neonate? - ANSWER-90-180 At what age is a person considered to be an infant? - ANSWER-1 month to 1 year What is the standard BPS of an infant? - ANSWER-100-160 Page 6 What is it called when the parents of an infant neglect to hold it, so it resists the care of others? - ANSWER-Anxious-avoidant attachment What is the name of the injury caused by excessive pressure to the lungs most often in infants while providing bag-mask ventilations? - ANSWER- Barotrauma What is the name of the response in infants when you touch their lips and they attempt to suck? - ANSWER-Sucking Reflex What is it called when an infant flexes their body when startled? - ANSWER- Moro Refle x When an infant turns towards a cheek when you touch it. - ANSWER-Rooting Reflex What is the name for the parts of the skull that have yet to develop (in those under 18 months)? - ANSWER-Fontanels What is it called when an infant grasps an object? - ANSWER-Palmar Grasp When encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles, what symptom should you expect? - ANSWER- Dehydration At what age is a person considered to be a toddler? - ANSWER-1-3 Years What is the standard BPS for a toddler? - ANSWER-90-150 At what age is a person considered to be a preschooler? - ANSWER-3-6 Years What is the standard BPS for a preschooler? - ANSWER-80-140 At what age is a person considered to be school age? - ANSWER-6-12 years What is the standard BPS for a school age person? - ANSWER-70-120 At what age is a person considered to be an adolescent? - ANSWER-12-18 years Page 7 What is the standard BPS for an adolescent? - ANSWER-60-100 At what age is a person considered an early adult? - ANSWER-19-40 years What is the standard BPS for all adults, although this may change based on health in late adults? - ANSWER-60- 100 At what age is a person considered a middle adult? - ANSWER-41-60 years At what age is a person considered a late adult? - ANSWER-61 and older What is it called when the mind deteriorates during the last 5 years of life? - ANSWER- Terminal Drop Hypothesis What is cholesterol build up in the blood vessels that leads to plaque and constricts blood flow called? - ANSWER- Atherosclerosis What is the name of the basic filtering units in the kidneys? - ANSWER-Nephrons Kidney function declines by what percentage between the ages of 20 and 90 years? - ANSWER-50% What is the maximum life expectancy for humans? - ANSWER-120 Years What is the average life expectancy for humans today? - ANSWER-78 Years What is "vital capacity"? - ANSWER-The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration What is the weight limit on a standard wheeled stretcher? - ANSWER-650 pounds How much weight can a bariatric stretcher hold? - ANSWER-850-900 lbs. A solid board that is used to stabilize a patient while transporting them to a Gurnee? - ANSWER-Back Board What transfer equipment should be used if CPR is needed? - ANSWER-Back Board Page 10 What is the first phase of an ambulance call? - ANSWER-Preparation If a patient is in critical condition and traffic or road conditions are going inhibit transportation to the hospital, what form of transportation should be used? - ANSWERMedivac Where should you never approach a helicopter from? - ANSWER-The rear or under carriage What is emergency mode? - ANSWER-The use of Lights and Sirens What is a person who assists a driver in backing up an ambulance is known as? - ANSWER-Spotter What is the killing of pathogenic agents by direct application of chemicals? - ANSWER- Disinfection What is the process that removes microbial contamination? - ANSWER-Sterilization What is the process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contamination? - ANSWER-Cleaning What ages can oropharyngeal airways be used for? - ANSWER-All ages When is a rapid extrication technique used? - ANSWER-In a situation in which the patient is in immediate harm due to environmental hazards What is the removal of a patient from a dangerous situation or position, such as removal from a wrecked vehicle known as? - ANSWER- Extrication What is simple access? - ANSWER-Entry to the patient without the use of tools or force What should an EMT do when responding to a victim in a trench? - ANSWER-Wait for personnel trained in trench rescue to bring the patient to the ambulance What does the termination phase of the rescue operation involve? - ANSWER- Returning the emergency units and specialized equipment to service Page 11 What is the first priority in rescue? - ANSWER-Rescuer Safety What is the term used to describe when a person is caught within a closed area with no way out or has a limb or other body part trapped? - ANSWER- Entrapment What are toxic, poisonous, radioactive, flammable, or explosive materials called? - ANSWER-Hazardous Material What is gaining entry to an enclosed area to reach a patient called? - ANSWER-Access Who is the individual who has overall command of the scene in the field? - ANSWER- Incident Commander What is the name of the special weapons and tactic team? - ANSWER-SWAT What is it called when access requires special tools and training? - ANSWER- Complex Access What is the removal of the motor vehicle from around the patient called? - ANSWER- Disentanglement What is an area where individuals can be exposed to sharp objects and hazardous materials known as? - ANSWER-Danger Zone Who has the primary responsibility of controlling traffic at a scene? - ANSWER- Law Enforcement Prior to attempting to gain access into a vehicle, the parking brake should be on and what should be disconnected? - ANSWER- Battery When arriving at the scene of a cave-in or trench collapse, response vehicles should be parked at least how far from the scene? - ANSWER-500 ft. Page 12 What is a glass, plastic, or steel container ranging in volume from 5 to 15 gallons called? - ANSWER- Carboys What is the safe area at a hazardous materials incident called? - ANSWER-Cold Zone Areas designated as hot, warm, or cold are all in what zone? - ANSWER-Control Zone What is the name of the area where you can be exposed to toxic substances, lethal rays, or explosion? - ANSWER-Danger zone What is the removal or neutralization of hazardous materials from patients and equipment called? - ANSWER- Decontamination What is it called when responders return to their facilities when work at a disaster is completed? - ANSWER- Demobilization What is a widespread event that disrupts community resources and function called? - ANSWER-Disaster What is the name of the area surrounding hazardous materials spill/incident that is directly dangerous called? - ANSWER-Hot Zone What are shipping and storage vessels that may or may not be pressurized called? - ANSWER-Intermodal Tanks What are required on all four sides of vehicles transporting hazardous materials? - ANSWER-Placards What is patient sorting used to rapidly categorize patients known as? - ANSWER- Primary Triage What controls spills when main containment vessel fails? - ANSWER- Secondary Containment What is patient sorting used in the treatment sector; involves retrieve of patients known Page 15 symptoms? - ANSWER- Incubation What is the name of the neurotoxin that is derived from mash that is left from the caster bean? - ANSWER- Ricin What is the name of germs that require a living host to multiply and survive? - ANSWER-viruses What are attacks against the citizens of one's own country known as? - ANSWER- Domestic Terrorism What are the four categories that terrorists are most likely to be affiliated with? - ANSWER-Single-issue, political extremist, doomsday religious groups, and technological What color is the DHS Advisory Systems when a current terror threat level is of significant risk? - ANSWER- Yellow Sulfur mustard, CX, and Lewisite are common forms of vesicants that are intended to cause: - ANSWER-burn-like blisters to form on the skin and in the respiratory tract Agents containing phosgene, chlorine, or ammonia are common forms of chemical weapons that are intended to cause: - ANSWER-Damage to lung tissues and severe pulmonary edema -Nerve agents, such as VX and Sarin gas are in the class of organophosphates, intended to cause: - ANSWER-The body's organs to become overstimulated and burn out, resulting in cardiac arrest What are the greatest threats to the EMT from weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)? - ANSWER-Contamination and cross-contamination from direct contact with exposed individuals Metabolic agents, such as hydrogen cyanide (AC) and cyanogen chloride (CK), are intended to cause: - ANSWER-Sudden death by affecting the body's ability to use oxygen Page 16 Biological agents can pose many difficult issues when used as a WMD because: - ANSWER-They can be almost undetectable and cause disease similar to common minor illnesses What is the most powerful and fastest moving form of radiation? - ANSWER- Neutron Energy What does the "M" in the mnemonic "DUMBELS" stand for? - ANSWER-Mitosis How can you differentiate the small pox rash from other skin disorders? - ANSWER- All of the lesions will be identical in development Injury from flying debris is what type of blast injury? - ANSWER-Secondary Injury What two medications do MARK 1 antidote kits contain? - ANSWER-Atropine and 2- PAM chloride