Urbanization and Population Trends in Europe and Asia, Study notes of Geography

Download Urbanization and Population Trends in Europe and Asia and more Study notes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Western Europe Highly urbanized (75%) Old cities Slow population growth Small household size Industrial decline in many areas European Union- Annual average growth 0.96% in 1960-65, 0.3% in 1985- 90 Older population Many cities losing population Old manufacturing cities declining. Funetional urban region ‘populations 199 sommon pus 5-2.90mtlon @ 25-490miIon © 03-249milen + gue 53. Majer tan cetresin Wester Europe Note Paris, London, Madrid 5 Liverpool Urban Decline 6 Duisberg, Ruhr Valley, Industrial Decline i iu nt High-Tech Park in Milan 10 Pollution from smokestacks of the Wawel Coke Plant in Katowice, Upper Silisia, Poland. This plant typical in Eastern and Central Europe, dates from the Soviet era, and make inefficient use of energy and other resources, causing much pollution. In this region of Poland, forests have been ruined by acid rain; soils yield contaminated crops; and whole cities are declared unsafe. 11 Workers at the Kuznetsky Metallurgical Kombinat (KMK) in Novokuznetsk, Russia. Built during the Stalin era, the KMK was one of the largest steel mills in the Soviet Union—compared to most similar facilities in the rest of the industrialized world, KMK is quite outdated. Industrial inefficiency and environmental pollution were significant factors in fall of the Soviet Union. View of town of Novokuznetsk, with KMK looking over the street. Mill is city’s main source of pollution, but also main source of employment 12 Istanbul—Europe meets Islam papuladons 356" romaton pias Ml 5-099miton @ 25400mlton @ o7e-249mmon Figure5.5. Major urban centres in Asia 16 Urban Population, Asian Countries Total Urban 1950 1990 Saudi Arabia 16,048 12,405 15.9 77.3 Japan 123,537 95,321 50.3 77.2 South Korea 42,869 31,658 21.4 73.8 Iraq 18,078 12,987 35.1 71.8 Turkey 56,098 34,179 21.3 60.9 North Korea 21,774 13,024 31.0 59.8 Kazakhstan 16,670 9,606 39.0 57.6 Iran 58,946 33,161 27.0 56.3 Syria 12,348 6,199 30.6 50.2 Malaysia 17,891 8,909 20.4 49.8 Philippines 60,779 29,657 27.1 48.8 Uzbekistan 20,421 8,285 31.4 40.6 Pakistan 121,933 39,029 17.5 32.0 Indonesia 182,812 55,923 12.4 30.6 Yemen 11,311 3,269 5.8 28.9 China 1,155,305 302,690 11.0 26.2 India 850,638 217,216 17.3 25.5 Myanmar 41,813 10,350 16.2 24.8 Sri Lanka 17,225 3,680 14.4 21.4 Vietnam 66,689 13,258 11.6 19.9 Thailand 55,583 10,408 10.5 18.7 Afghanistan 15,045 2,745 5.8 18.2 Bangladesh 108,118 16,942 4.2 15.7 Nepal 19,253 2,104 2.3 10.9 Total 3,111,184 973,005 31.3 Source: Pacione (2001) p. 102 Percent Urban1990 Population (1,000s) Note Saudi Arabian Change, 1950-1990—What is that about? Note China and India—Does that fit with urbanization levels we know? 17 Southeast Asia has some of the most crowded cities on earth. This photo looks down on a residential section of Manila, a city of 10.2 million in a confined urban space in the northern Philippines. Manila’s population density is 54,000 people per square mile (20,000 per square km), one of the highest on earth. 20 Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon In urban areas all available space is used. Many buildings have the look of being "added on to" without much thought. As new towns are built, places such as these may be demolished and rebuilt. 21 Hong Kong Waterfront Major city Intermediate city Major town oad linka oad to bo completed 65 Diagrammatic representation of major nodes and links in the urban region of the Pearl River Delta Source: Elaborated by Woo (1994), 25 Delhi Commuter Train 26 Traffic in Bangkok, Thailand is some of the worst in the world. Car- ownership is growing rapidly throughout the region; but as yet only a small proportion own them. Hence traffic is bound to get worse, especially as the region recovers from the economic recession of the 1990s. 27 Dhaka Street Transport Streets of Dhaka, Bangladesh, slow to drain. Antiquated sewer system, with high seasonal rainfall. 30 Woman and son in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, carrying refrigerator home on tricycle, while husband keeps it steady. As incomes rise in cities in China, more people are able to buy appliances they have long coveted, but never owned. 31 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia—Note Colonial Architecture, Islamic Mosque, Modern Skyscrapers 32 Singapore harbor—busiest in the world and one of the most up-to-date. Long prospered from its location on the narrow straits between the Indian Ocean and the South China sea. Originally established by the British in 1819, Singapore gained independence in 1957. Now has become one of the wealthiest countries in the region and the world. 35 Abu Dhabi (oil Wealth) 36 Dirt street in slum area in area of Gaza Strip known as “Beach Camp” Originally intended as temporary quarters for 2 million Palestinian refugees created when Israel was established, Beach camp has grown into semi- permanent communities where whole generations of Palestinians have been born, matured and died. Years of hopelessness—leading to violence. 37 Africa Low levels of urbanization (~32%) but fast levels of population growth Economic stagnation and informalization Political turmoil Deteriorating infrastructure Effect of colonialism 40 These are the Great Zimbabwe ruins, dating to the 8th century AD, Great Zimbabwe was the center of a powerful state that traded its mineral resources for goods from as far away as China. The first British explorers to encounter Great Zimbabwe could not believe that an African people could actually create such a large and complex society, and attributed it to ancient Israelites. 41 Village of Dogon people of Mali, just one of thousands of unique version of the African village. Over 70 percent of populations till live in village settings, making Sub-saharan Africa the most rural region of the worl. Extended families, compounds. = FU } FU Nairobi Skyscrapers 45 Zulus in native dress dance near a campfire for tourists who come to this village in Shakaland, South Africa. “Commodify their culture” for tourist recreation, with many sacred traditions degraded for the sake of mere entertainment, but also way for people to earn a living. 46 Kibumba Refugee camp in Zaire, just one of many throughout the continent. Political instability and violence in the region have created about half the entire world’s refugee population—three-quarters of whom are women and children. There are fewer male refugees because men are often drafted to serve in armies or militias. Many of the political tensions that caused this dilemma are rooted in the borders of African countries, drawn by Europeans without regard for ethnic and linguistic boundaries. 47 Cairo, Egypt. Looking southward up the Nile. Largest and most economically important city in Egypt. After years of stagnation, inflation and unemployment Egypt’s economy is turning around, but unemployment still high.