Information Management and Application of Technology in Healthcare, Exams of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Download Information Management and Application of Technology in Healthcare and more Exams Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 44 WGU C468 Information Management and Application of Technology 1.Project management life cycle (PMLC): design/plan: scope and charter docu- ments, which guide how the system will be implemented and what officially can and cannot be done, metrics for evaluation , then evaluated including adding metrics to monitor measures of success progress; resource availability, team selection/consultants implementation: WBS/Gantt chart, communication plan, risk assessment plan, change management monitoring and control evaluation lessons learned w/knowledge transfer 1. information science: originally a subdiscipline of computer science, supports the collection and management of informationand applies technology to make information usable 2. Information system: system comprised of the hardware and software that make up an organization's infrastructure 3.The Beginning Nurse: fundamental information management and computer technology skills and use existing information systems and established information management practices 4. Information literacy: the ability to read and understand the written word and numbers as well as the ability to recognize when information is needed 5.Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER): (2004), called for improving nursing education competencies for the development of a workforce capable of delivering patient care through health information technology 6.admission/discharge/transfer (ADT) system: system integrated with other administrative and clinical systems and tracks a patient's activities and locations from hospital or clinic 7. Implementation team or committee: interdisciplinary team tasked with plan- ning, testing, training, and other responsibilities when an EHRS has been pur- chased 8.North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I): - first standardized nursing terminology recognized by the ANA and used for nursing diagnosis 2 / 44 9. Personal Health Record (PHR): a collection of patient data controlled by the patient and accessible by patient and providers; allows users to electronically collect, track, and share current and past information about their health or someone 5 / 44 23.Blame-free environment: encourages reporting of errors or near misses and focuses on a systematic view of errors rather than individual causation 24.Culture of informatics: a vision to develop policies, funding, infrastructure, and education to instill knowledge and skills needed by all healthcare executives, clinicians, and informaticists, and the tools to gather and analyze amassed data 25.Decision-support software (DSS) or Clinical decision support software (CDSS): facilitate the human (provider) decision making process and saves health- care dollars by aiding in diagnosis and providing access to practice guidelines which decrase LOS and cost of treatment; alerts, clinical pathways, order sets, dashboards, diagnostic support, and drug-drug interaction tools are examples 26.Alert fatigue: too many insignificant CDSS warnings or recommendations are presented and providers begin to dismiss them regardless of importance 27.Core Requirements of Meaningful Use (MU) *all required since 2018: de- mographic info CPOE CDS and ability to track compliance real time drug-drug interaction and allergy checks active med list active med allergy list record and retrieve VS ages 2-20 smoking status age 13 and up mechanisms to protect EHR info electronic exchange of info between entities/providers supply patient w/copy of chart and/or d/c instructions per request report clinical quality measures to CMS up to date problem list/patient diagnoses 28.Telehealth: use of telecommunications technologies and computers to provide healthcare information and services to clients at another location 29.Synchronous Connected Health Applications: video conferencing, tele-stroke, tele-psych, robotics 30.Non-clinical telehealth: use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support healthcare; research/data 6 / 44 mining, grand rounds, remote education, expert consultation 31.Store and forward technology: Asynchronous telehealth application that can record and send photos, xrays, and EKGs to a provider for interpretation 7 / 44 32.Legal/business issues to consider before implementing telehealth: priva- cy/informed consent licensure reimbursement malpractice liability online prescribing credentialing internet bandwidth 33.The Experienced Nurse: skilled in using information management and com- puter technology; has strong analytic skills to learn from relationships between different data elements; able to collaborate with the informatics nurse specialist to suggest improvement of systems 34.Knowledge worker: individual with a high degree of expertise, education, or experience who creates, distributes, and applies knowledge 35.Information: data that has been interpreted 36.Knowledge: synthesis of information from several sources to produce a single concept or idea 37.Informatics Nurse Specialist (INS): nurse with advanced skills specific to health information management and computer technology with expertise in sys- tems development life cycles 38.informatics innovator: Expected to be educationally prepared to conduct informatics research and generate informatics theory and have advanced under- standing and skills in information management and computer technology 39.data: collection of numbers, characters, or facts taht are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis 40.consumer health informatics: use of electronic information and communi- cation to improve medical outcomes and healthcare decision making form the patient/consumer perspective 41.American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA): (2009), authorized incentive payments to specific types of hospitals and healthcare professionals for adopting and using interoperable health information technology and EHRS; included funding for the Office of the National Coordiantor of Health Information Technology (ONCHIT) 42.wisdom: using knowlege and experience to solve problems 10 / 44 physical characteristics of tools, systems, and machines 11 / 44 58.Computerized physician order entry (CPOE): tool embedded in the EHR allowing physicians to directly enter patient orders 59.usability test: ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a goal 60.meaningful use core requirements: established by the CMS to ensure elec- tronic health information is used in a meaningful way 61.Comprehensive health record (CHR): another term for computerized rocrod of patient's lifetime medical history 62.Electronic health record (EHR): computerized hospitalization record replac- ing the former medical chart, can be multiple records in the same healthcare system 63.Electronic medical record (EMR): computerized record of one provider's encounters with a patient 64.authentication: method for confirming users' identities 65.malicious programs/software: programs written for the purpse of stealing information, causing annoyance, or performing covert actions examples: viruses, worms, Trojan horses 66. data privacy: right to choose the conditions and the extent to which information and beliefs are shared with others; informed consent for the release of medical records 67.physical security: the protection of physical items, objects, or areas from unauthorized access or misuse 68.HIPAA Information Consent: US law designed to provide privacy standards to protect patients' medical records and other health information provided to health plans, doctors, hospitals, and other healthcare providers 69.confidentiality: the assurance that information is available only to those who are authorized to view it 70.privacy: freedom to do things without other people watching you or knowing what you're doing; includes the right to determine what information is collected, how it is used, and the ability to access collected information to review its security and accuracy 71.information system security: protection of information systems and the infor- mation housed on them from unauthorized use or threats to integrity 12 / 44 72.health information exchange (HIE): the exchange of helath information elec- tronically between providers and others with the same level of interoperability, such as labs and pharmacies 73.logistical security: the protection of non-tangible items such as software and data integrity from unauthorized access and misuse 74.firewall: type of gateway designed to protect private network resources from outside hackers, network damage, and theft or misuse of information 75.International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10): system to classify and code for billing purposes (diagnosis codes) 76.expert system: use of computer artificial intelligence to arrive at a decision that experts in the field would make 77.culture of safety: an atmosphere of mutual trust in which all staff members can talk freely about safety problems and how to solve them, without fear of blame or punishment 78.human factors: the scientific study of the interaction between people, ma- chines, and their work environments 79.coding system: Use clinical information to generate charges for care 80. teleconferencing: use of computers, audio and video equipment, and commu- nication links to provide interaction between two or more persons at two or more sites 81.desk top video conferencing: synchronous or real time encounter that uses a specially equipped personal computer with telephone line hookup, DSL, or cable connections to allow people to meet face to face 82.Clinical telehealth: using electronic information and telecommunications technologies to provided direct patient care 83.video conferencing: people meet face to face and view the same images through the use of telecommunications and computer technology 84.e-prescribing: electronic transmission of drug prescriptions 85.ARRA Connection: legislation that included provision for health information technology and funding for ONCHIT 86.eCare: electronic provision of health information products and services online and electronic automation of administrative and 15 / 44 98.Data analytics: Process of studying data to detect patterns and relationships that can be used to make predictions and improve decisions 16 / 44 99. Insider Threat: A threat to an organization that comes from employees, contractors, and anyone else that may have willingly been given insider knowledge 100. value based payment models: Payment made to providers based on mea- sures including quality, efficiency, cost, and positive patient experience 101. Active errors: obvious errors that occur at the interface between the health- care worker and the patient 102. latent errors: less apparent failures of organization or design that contributed to the occurrence of errors or allowed them to cause harm to patients 103. Stakeholders: those with a vested interest in a project/organziation 104. SWOT analysis: analysis of a proposed project's strengths, weaknesses, opportunites, threats 105. Healthcare Information System (HIS): made up of clinical information sys- tem (CIS) and administrative information system (AIS) 106. Clinical information system (CIS): computer-based system designed for collecting, storing, manipulating, and making available clinical information impor- tant to the health care delivery process 107. Administrative Information System (AIS): computer-based system for non-clinical support aspects of healthcare (scheduling, ADT, risk management, QA, risk management, payroll, etc.) 108. Risk Management: clinical and administrative systems, processes, and re- ports employed to detect, monitor, assess, mitigate, and prevent risks 109. Quality Assurance (QA): AKA continous quality improvement (CQI) a way of checking that the organization is continuously improving what it does and how it does it via continous monitoring and evaluation 110. Smart technology: functionality behind the scenes that provides the capa- bility of the electronic system to send real-time messages to all of the various areas required during a patient visit, where providers document the visit, order the medications while also checking alerts for errors, schedule appointments, and generate bills; 17 / 44 all of this is done because the different systems are tied or interfaced together 111. Meaningful Use (MU) Stage 1: 15 core requirements, 10 menu requirements focus on data capture and sharing (90 days) as well as 5 of the 10 optional core measures 112. Meaningful Use (MU) Stage 2: increase the interoperability of health in- formation and adopt standardized data formats, places a greater emphasis on 20 / 44 123. Data protection: Method of ensuring that personal data is correct and is not misused either by those holding it or others who have no right to access it 124. Data Reporting: Summarize, organize, and present data in ways to: - Make sense of what is happening - Draw attention to business issues/opportunities - Reveals the right questions to ask - Facilitate finding answers/solutions in subsequent data analysis 125. dissemination: the act of spreading something, especially information, wide- ly; circulation the final stage of knowledge translation 126. National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONCHIT): a division of the Office of the Secretary under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that is devoted to the implementation of health information technology and facilitating the exchange of electronic health information, ONCHIT supports IT health requirements for the nationwide shift from paper to electronic medical records, and the promotion, of the health information exchange (HIE) 127. Ethics: the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions 128. Agency for Healthcare Research and Policy (AHRQ): (1989) mission is to produce evidence to make health care safer, higher quality, more accessible, equitable, and affordable established OCR programs to sponsor trial research programs and develop re- search networks 129. technical standards: Set of technical specifications that producers adhere to when making the product, or a component of it 130. health IT ecosystem: the information technology advancements being used worldwide for the efficient exchange of health information among health personal and patients 131. Policies: guidelines used in making consistent decisions regarding specific, recurring situations 132. reimbursement: Payers assess quality based on patient outcomes, patient satisfaction and a provider's ability to contain 21 / 44 costs; providers earn more health- care reimbursement when they're able to provide high-quality, low-cost care as compared with peers and their own benchmark data 133. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): a standard format for the electronic exchange of information between participants 22 / 44 134. accuracy and specificity: Specificity is the proportion of the true negatives correctly identified by a diagnostic test. It suggests how good the test is at identi- fying normal (negative) condition. Accuracy is the proportion of true results, either true positive or true negative, in a population. 135. Usability: The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use; a subset of HCI 136. Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA): (2015, into effect 2017) Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and Alternative Pay- ment Models (APM) - healthcare physicians are able to obtain payment updates, including funding to benefactors for technical aid that's provided to physicians. Aims to improve the quality of the act by moving Medicare Part B providers to a performance- based payment systemwill annually measure eligible providers in four performance categories to derive a "MIPS score" (0 to 100) in Quality, Resource use, Clinical practice improvement activities, Meaningful use of certified electronic health records (EHR) technology 137. HIPAA Privacy Rule: establishes national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other individually identifiable health information 138. HIPAA Security Rule: Law that requires covered entities to establish admin- istrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of health information 139. healthcare terminology standards: designed to enable and support wide- spread interoperability among healthcare software applications for the purpose of sharing information 140. codified: arranged and recorded systematically 141. clinical terminology: A set of standardized terms and their synonyms that record patient findings, circumstances, events, and interventions with sufficient detail to support clinical care, decision support, outcomes research, and quality improvement 142. interface terminology: a collection of task-oriented terms to support data entry and display in EHRs 143. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): A process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems, including 25 / 44 universal medical alphanumeric codes. The diagnoses and procedure codes are taken from medical record docu- mentation 26 / 44 156. bar code scanning: - an example of smart technology that facilitates medication safety by scanning the patient's ID band and scanning the medications (pulls the med up on the computer so you see it is the right med) 157. downtime: Refers to a period of time when a system is unavailable 158. Costs: EHR has contributed to the rising costs of healthcare; direct, indirect, staffing, and unexpected costs 159. Axioms of usability: AKA user centered design processes (UCD) Early and central focus on users in the design and development of systems Iterative design of applications Systematic usability measures or observations of users interacting with information system 160. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI): the study of how people design, imple- ment, and evaluate interactive computer systems in the context of users' tasks and work 161. User Interface (UI): The part of computer application through which a user interacts with a program 162. Heuristic Evaluation: a process where experts use rules of thumb to mea- sure the usability of user interfaces in independent walkthroughs and report issues. Evaluators use established heuristics (e.g., Nielsen-Molich's) and reveal insights that can help design teams enhance product usability from early in development 163. task analysis: The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process 164. international standards: protect the health and safety of patients and health- care providers. Governments can use them as a technical basis for healthcare legislation to ensure their communities receive the quality of care they deserve 165. bidirectional sharing: allows for the two-way sharing of PHI between treating facilities or providers so that both entities have the most update information 166. Shared Electronic Health Record (SEHR): an electronic record system that allows clinicians to access a patient's data and information from the patient's EHRs at different facilities 27 / 44 167. CMS EHR Incentive program: provides incentive payments for certain healthcare providers to use EHR technology in ways that can positively impact patient care; providers have to meet specific requirements in order to receive incentive payments 30 / 44 184. data repository: Electronic holding place for data 185. Master person index (MPI): a list or database created and maintained by a health care facility to record the name and unique identification number of every patient who has ever been admitted or treated in a facility; also known as Central Person Index; Enterprise Master Person Index (across multiple facilities) 186. Authorization: permission 187. data scrubbing: Detecting and correcting or eliminating data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant 188. patient portal: provide patients with a 24/7 path to their records from any Internet-accessible location, and have been shown to improve outcomes for indi- viduals with chronic con-dition; password-protected websites that bring information together from different sources for a uniform look 189. volume-based compensation: compensation model that reimburses based on NUMBER of services provided 190. Value-based compensation: a health payment plan in which doctors and providers are paid a certain amount for each diagnosis or disease regardless of the number of services provided 191. Quality improvement (QI): Scientific approach to the analysis of perfor- mance and ways to improve it; principles include commitment to quality and collaborative efforts, quality must be measurable, and systems thinking Quality is ongoing and results from rigorously repeated efforts The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, patient falls, 30 day readmission rates 192. analysis of hardware requirements: network infrastructure, type of work- station or mobile device, workstation location strategy (POC devices), hardware location requirements, printer decisions 193. Point-of-care devices: Devices used in the delivery of health care such that they are utilized within the care process at the specific time in which the information is needed or collected (glucometer, iStats, EKG) 194. System User Guides: guide intended to assist users in using a particular product, service or application 31 / 44 195. integrated testing: Integrated testing tests the transmission of messages be- tween all systems such as the healthcare information system, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, dietary, cardiology, etc. This test includes testing all bidirectional order messages and results going across the interface(s) 32 / 44 196. training environment: A separate copy of the software that mimics the actual system that will be used where users can "practice" 197. Risk Management System: a process that helps identify and asses what risks may be posed to an organization and then moves to determine control or mitigating measures that should be implemented CMS requires risk assessment of organization's security 198. smart wearable devices: devices (electronic device with micro- controllers) that are worn close to and/or on the surface of the skin, where they detect, analyze, and transmit information like pulse, BP, etc. to facilitate remote patient monitoring (RPM) 199. Connected health: a model of health care delivery using technology to provide services including information and education 200. Informatics Competencies: -Computer skills -Informatics knowledge -Informatics skills 201. clinical pathways: case management tools used to communicate the stan- dardized, interdisciplinary plan of care for a particular group of patients; care guidelines and outcomes are specified for each day of the patient's stay 202. Telenursing: use of telecommunications and information technology to pro- vide nursing practice at a distance 203. Quality indicators: Measurable elements of quality that specify the focus of evaluation and documentation 204. Joint Commission Safety Goals: correct identification, effective communi- cation, improved safety of high alert medications, procedures that do not increase harm, decrease HAIs, falls reduction 205. Care Models: Patient Medical Homes (PMHs) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) 206. Changng provider roles: gatekeeper to services, coach, navigator, infor- matician 207. First step in creating an informatics culture: identify gaps 208. Benefits of HISs: improving healthcare quality, efficiency, use 35 / 44 216. Patient portal: AKA tethered PHR; portions of the record are populated by the healthcare plan or healthcare delivery system's EHR 36 / 44 217. Types of research used in healthcare: comparative effectiveness research (CER) health services research (HSR) outcomes research (OCR) 218. Integrated Delivery System Research Network (IDSRN): formed by the AHRQ; used a model of field based research and joined with researchers from top healthcare systems. Led to the formation of many registries and databases 219. Accelerating Change and Transformation in Organizations and Net- works (ACTION): goal was to accelerate diffusion of research into practice 220. Practice Based Research Networks (PBRNs): Groups of primary health care practices that facilitate collaborative research among clinicians and re- searchers; funding provided by AHRQ 221. Translating research into practice (TRIP): studied the way primary care teams were using HIT 222. Evidenced Based Practice Coucil (EPC): initiated in 1997, has worked with a variety of organizations and agencies to establish a comprehensive method of comparative effectiveness reviews (strength of evidence) identifies three domains as directness, consistency, and precision 223. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evalua- tion (GRADE): Four levels of rating of evidence quality—high, moderate, low, and very low with four areas of criteria: (1) number of participants, (2) risk of bias of trials, (3) heterogeneity, and (4) meth- odological quality of the review identifies three domains as indirectness, inconsistency, and imprecision 224. American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN): developed an ev- idence-rating scale in 1995 using original rating scale used Roman numerals and rated evidence with lower numbers representing lower levels of evidence; it was revised to an alphabetical rating scale using A (for the highest level of evidence) to E as reliability decreased 225. Systematic research review databases: Cochrane Library. • Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database. • Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) 37 / 44 226. Databases for original research articles: • CINAHL. • MEDLINE. • Proquest Nursing & Allied Health. • PsychINFO. • PubMed 227. Models for integrating EBP into use: Stetler model, the Iowa model of evidence-based practice to promote quality care, the ACE star model of knowledge transformation, and the PARIHS framework 40 / 44 240. Joint Cognitive Systems: cyclical model for joint cognitive systems, called a contextual control model, or CoCom. The model is based upon users' planning and action with feedback and feedforward loops 241. SEIPS 2.0: incorporates human factors using three higher- level concepts: configuration, engagement, and adaptation 242. Staggers HCI framework: interactions are centered on information ex- change among elements; all components act in a system of mutual influences of humans and computers (or information technology) as impacted by context and time 243. Patient, Provider, and Computer behaviors: user interface interactions, characteristics of patients, providers, and computers, task and information ex- change process, health context, developmental trajectory 244. usability methods: Heuristic evaluation, task analysis, think aloud protocols, contextual inquiriy/focused enthnographies, usability questionnaires 245. Cognitive Walkthrough: detailed review of a sequence of real or proposed actions to complete a task in a system (part of task analysis) 246. interoperability exchange and use: electronically sending, receiving, and finding queried and requested information; integrat- ing the received information into a patient's medical record; and the subsequent use of that information 247. 3 classifications of interoperable data: emerging, pilot, national 248. national technical standards and implementation specifications: have reached a high-level of maturity and adoption by different entities such that most entities are using them, or are readily able to adopt them for use, to exchange health information 249. knowledge databases: data repository that patients can use to search, not only the definition of the condition, but also the knowledge context associated with the condition (also nursing-knowledge databases, drug databases, etc.) 250. Health Level 7 (HL7): 1987; set of international standards used to transfer and share data between various healthcare providers (promote interoperability), helps bridge the gap between health IT 41 / 44 applications and makes sharing healthcare data easier and more efficient 251. Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN): the set of standards, spec- ifications, and policies that support the secure exchange of health information over the Internet 42 / 44 252. Barriers to PHR adoption for consumers: Concerns about privacy and security Lack of perceived benefit Usability Access issues No Internet-capable device or Internet service Physical or cognitive disabilities Literacy issues (basic literacy, computer literacy, health literacy) 253. Barriers to PHR adoption for providers: Low levels of awareness Need for new workflow demands associated with PHR use Resistance to change Concerns related to confidentiality Limited technological literacy 254. current state: what is occurring now and might not be working 255. future state: what is desired and planned for in the project 256. Gantt chart: a simple bar chart that lists project tasks vertically against the project's time frame, listed horizontally with an owner for each specific task, subtask, and due date with start and end dates 257. Change Control Board (CCB): A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions 258. functional test: conducted during phase 2 of the PMLC to ensure all data- bases are working as designed 259. electronic data interchange (EDI): CMS has mandated that all providers and insurers submit all claims for reimbursement in a consistent format; this order compelled all providers to buy or contract with electronic data interchanges (EDIs) so billing is complete and uniform 260. healthcare delivery models: A patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a model or philosophy that is atient-centered, team-based, coordinated, accessible, and focused on quality and safety; a team approach and a focus on population health differentiate this model