Wilson's Fourteen Points: A Blueprint for Peace and International Cooperation, Study notes of Diplomacy

Download Wilson's Fourteen Points: A Blueprint for Peace and International Cooperation and more Study notes Diplomacy in PDF only on Docsity! Wilson’s Fourteen Points 14 Points Original Text Summary Description (In Your Own Words) How did each respond to Pre-War Conditions and Support World Peace? Point 1: Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. Point 2: Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. Point 3: The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. Point 4: Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. Point 5: A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined. . Points 6-13: These points deal with the restoration of “occupied territory” to Russia, Belgium, France, Serbia, Romania, and Montenegro. They also call for drawing new borders based on “historically established lines of allegiance and nationality.” Point 14: A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual agreements of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. Wilson’s Fourteen Points (TEACHER KEY) 14 Points Original Text Summary Description (In Your Own Words) How did each respond to Pre-War Conditions and Support World Peace? Point 1: Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. NO SECRET ALLIANCES Countries would not make secret treaties and alliances. Secret alliances had been a key cause of WWI as they moved a local/regional issue into a larger European conflict Point 2: Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. FREEDOM OF THE SEAS Ships would be able to travel freely in time of war. U-boat attacks on shipping, like the sinking of the Lusitania, had drawn the United States into WW I Point 3: The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. NO TRADE BARRIERS, AKA FREE TRADE Free trade among countries would promote economic growth and reduce trade conflicts that could draw nations into war Point 4: Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. REDUCATION OF MILITARY WEAPONS Countries would reduce their stockpiles of weapons. Militarism had been a cause of WW I as it made the nations in Europe more aggressive and likely to go to war. Point 5: A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined. RECOGNIITION OF TERITORIAL INDEPENDENCE The desires of colonial people would be taken into consideration in creating a more peaceful world. Imperialism and competition for colonies had been another cause of WW I. Points 6-13: These points deal with the restoration of “occupied territory” to Russia, Belgium, France, Serbia, Romania, and Montenegro. They also call for drawing new borders based on “historically established lines of allegiance and nationality.” NEW TERRITORIAL BORDERS Restoring land taken from countries by war would restore resect for international law. Redrawing some borders on the basis of self- determination would reduce conflicts among ethnic groups. Frustrated nationalism and movements for independence in the Balkans had triggered WW I Point 14: A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual agreements of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. INTERNATIONAL AGENCY Countries would work together in the League of Nations to resolve conflicts before those conflicts escalated into war.