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WOCN WOUND CARE EXAM 2024 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS What is the most common type of skin cancer? - ANSWER ☑☑basal cell carcinoma (BCC) How does basal cell carcinoma present? - ANSWER ☑☑"pearl like" translucent papule with central ulceration What is the second most common type of skin cancer? - ANSWER ☑☑Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) How does squamous cell carcinoma present? - ANSWER ☑☑Enlarging keratotic papule ABCDEs of melanoma - ANSWER ☑☑Asymmetric, border irregular, color variance, diameter >0.6 cm, evolution What is the order of repair in an acute wound? - ANSWER ☑☑Brief inflammatory phase, epithelial resurfacing and granulation tissue formation and remodeling What is the max tensile strength for a full-thickness wound healing by scar tissue formation? - ANSWER ☑☑80% of original tissue strength What strategy is used to help convert a chronic wound into an acute wound? - ANSWER ☑☑Surgical debridement intermittent claudication - ANSWER ☑☑pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease What are the nutritional requirements of patients with open wounds or at risk for pressure ulcer? - ANSWER ☑☑30 to 35 cal/kg/day; 1.25 to 1.5 proteins/kg/day; and 30mL/kg/day of fluids Moisture retentive dressings - ANSWER ☑☑permit evaporation of moisture from the skin ad wound-- NOT OCCULSIVE TIME framework for wound healing - ANSWER ☑☑tissue management, control of inflammation/infection, moisture balance, edge advancement Appropriate wound cleansers that flush away exudate without damaging proliferative cells include: - ANSWER ☑☑saline, commercial wound cleansers, and potable tap water Cleansing of "dirty" wounds - ANSWER ☑☑Require 4 to 15 psi irrigating force and may involve cytotoxic solutions contact layers - ANSWER ☑☑1. single layer of woven net 2. protects new granulation tissue 3. can irrigate through it 4. can use with topical med 5. needs a secondary dressing 6. not to be used with think exudate Hydrocolloid dressing - ANSWER ☑☑Inappropriate for infected wounds and exudative wounds. transparent adhesive dressing - ANSWER ☑☑semipermeable, bacteria do not penetrate the wound. When is debridement contraindicated? - ANSWER ☑☑In a closed uninfected wound that is poorly perfused and when the goal of care is maintenance or comfort as opposed to healing surgical debridement - ANSWER ☑☑The use of scalpels, scissors, or lasers in a sterile environment by a physician or podiatrist to remove necrotic tissue, foreign material, and debris from the wound bed. Debridement to the point of bleeding may stimulate healing via the release of platelet-derived growth factors. air fluidized bed - ANSWER ☑☑Are one of the most expensive support surfaces and should be used only for patients who require very high levels of therapy, such as those with multiple full thickness wounds or s/p myocutaneous flap procedure Continuous lateral-rotation beds - ANSWER ☑☑Designed for pulmonary care and do not replace manual repositioning for pressure ulcer prevention THree critical elements of any skin care protocol - ANSWER ☑☑Gentle cleansing, moisturizing to replace skin lipids, moisture barrier to limit contact between skin and urine and stool Humectants - ANSWER ☑☑Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture. Inappropriate for IAD prevention emollients - ANSWER ☑☑Smooth and protect skin. Appropriate for IAD prevention Effective moisture barrier products - ANSWER ☑☑Liquid acrylate barrier films, moisture barrier ointment containing petroleum, dimethicone, and zinc oxide Appropriate adhesive removal technique - ANSWER ☑☑Should be removed at a low (horizontal) angle, and the skin adjacent to the peel line should be supported to prevent pulling skin tear classification - ANSWER ☑☑Type 1: no skin loss Type 2: partial flap loss Type 3: full flap loss Venous hypertension - ANSWER ☑☑Occurs when the venous system does not empty effectively and is the primary etiologic factor for lower extremity venous disease; It causes capillary bed congestion, and leakage of fluid and molecules into surrounding skin What are some conditions that interfere with normal valvular function? - ANSWER ☑☑Obesity, DVT or phlebitis, thrombophilic conditions, and inflammatory autoimmune conditions Conditions that cause impaired calf muscle functions - ANSWER ☑☑Paralysis, gait alterations, advanced age, and sedentary lifestyle or reduced mobility Pain associated with venous ulcers - ANSWER ☑☑"aching" pain that is worsened by dependency and relieved by elevation Physical findings in a patient with venous ulcers - ANSWER ☑☑Edema, hemosiderosis, palpable pulses, warm feet, and possibly venous dermatitis What is the most reliable and commonly used non-invasive test used to diagnose venous disease - ANSWER ☑☑Venous duplex ultrasound; it detects venous reflux or obstruction and the anatomic location of obstruction Preventative care for those at risk of venous disease - ANSWER ☑☑Compression, weight management, exercise/physical activity, and treatment of varicosities static compression - ANSWER ☑☑Application of constant gradient pressure to the lower extremity, with highest pressures exerted distally (at the ankle) and lowest proximally (knee) and is considered first line therapy
