Gender Inequality in Employment: Women's Labor Force Participation and Discrimination, Quizzes of Gender Psychology

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TERM 1 employed women DEFINITION 1 work for pay (including self-employed) TERM 2 non-employed women DEFINITION 2 work but unpaid (including work for family or volunteering) TERM 3 ___ of American women are employed up from 43% in 1970 and 30% in 1950 DEFINITION 3 65% TERM 4 women constitute ___ of the American Labor force (2007) DEFINITION 4 46% TERM 5 predicting who works: factors that matter DEFINITION 5 education: women with a MA or advanced degreeimmigration status: may face barriers to employment TERM 6 predicting who works: factors that do not matter DEFINITION 6 parenting status: married women with children under 3 just as likely to work as other married womenethnicity: similar rates of employment for women of different racial groups TERM 7 access discrimination DEFINITION 7 discrimination in hiringunequal access to positions(getting the job) TERM 8 treatment discrimination DEFINITION 8 unequal treatment once hired (in the work place)(in the job) TERM 9 access discrimination: employers believe ___ DEFINITION 9 that a women does not have the necessary characteristics to do the jobemployers have negative stereotypes about a women's ability TERM 10 gender-role spillover DEFINITION 10 employers attend to characteristics not relevant to the job TERM 21 women are more likely to ___ DEFINITION 21 work part time (20% of women vs 10% of men)be paid hourlybe working poorbe paid below the minimum wagehave lower starting salaries TERM 22 women earned ___ of the amount paid to men DEFINITION 22 85% TERM 23 horizontal sex segregation or occupational segregation DEFINITION 23 tendency for women and men to hold different jobs TERM 24 pink-collar employment DEFINITION 24 clerical and service work TERM 25 less than ___ of employed women are in a managerial or professional occupation DEFINITION 25 35% TERM 26 comparable worth DEFINITION 26 the principle that people should be paid equally for work that is comparable in responsibility, educational requirements, etc TERM 27 comparable worth is equal pay for ___ DEFINITION 27 comparable work rather than equal pay for equal work TERM 28 sense of entitlement DEFINITION 28 individuals' beliefs about their right to high rewards TERM 29 women have a lower sense of __ DEFINITION 29 entitlement than men TERM 30 women who compared themselves to men earned __ DEFINITION 30 more than other women TERM 31 denial of personal disadvantage DEFINITION 31 women recognize that women in general are discriminated against, but do not acknowledge that they personally are discriminated against TERM 32 vertical sex segregation DEFINITION 32 tendency for men to hold positions with higher status and pay within an occupation or fiend TERM 33 the glass ceiling DEFINITION 33 an invisible barrier to advancement to higher levelsdiscrimination in advancement and promotion TERM 34 labyrinth DEFINITION 34 unequal opportunitiespath to promotion may be filled with dead ends and detours(puzzling to figure out how to get there) TERM 35 sticky floor DEFINITION 35 women in low-level, dead-end jobsno chance of promotion or advancement TERM 46 who is at the most risk for sexual harassment? DEFINITION 46 women with lower status in the workplacesingle womenwomen of colorwomen in male-dominated fields (65- 79% women in military)victims of past sexual abuselesbian women (58% of LGBT students) TERM 47 heterosexist harassment DEFINITION 47 verbal, physical, and symbolic behaviors that convey hostile and offensive attitudes about one's actual or perceived lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity TERM 48 heterosexist harassment stigmatizes ___ DEFINITION 48 any non-heterosexual form of behavior, relationship, or identity TERM 49 heterosexist harassment includes __ DEFINITION 49 refusing to hire sexual minority individuals, as well as treating them differently in the workplace TERM 50 heterosexist harassment will be experienced by ___ of sexual minorities in the workplace DEFINITION 50 25-66% TERM 51 heterosexual individuals can be victims of __ DEFINITION 51 heterosexist harassment TERM 52 how can individuals reduce treatment discrimination? DEFINITION 52 be awareget supportfind a mentor TERM 53 how can institutions reduce treatment discrimination? DEFINITION 53 understand and use Affirmative Action policieshave a gender task forcetrin managers TERM 54 family responsibilities discrimination DEFINITION 54 discrimination based on having family obligations (ex. children, elderly parent, etc) TERM 55 mothers are ___ less likely to be hired than non-mothers with similar resumes DEFINITION 55 44% TERM 56 mothers are offered on average ___ less than equally qualified non-mothers DEFINITION 56 $11,000 TERM 57 the child tax DEFINITION 57 women earn 5% less income per child compared to the childless employeesmen earn up 10-12% when they have children (not for each) TERM 58 equality on housework is rare DEFINITION 58 women do morechores are assigned by gender (inside/outside) TERM 59 ___ or women with children under 18 work DEFINITION 59 71% TERM 60 although fathers have increased their amount of childcare, women still do the most at __ DEFINITION 60 60-90%