Worksheet 13 - Molecular Shapes General Chemistry , Exercises of Chemistry

Download Worksheet 13 - Molecular Shapes General Chemistry and more Exercises Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Worksheet 13 - Molecular Shapes The shapes of molecules can be predicted from their Lewis structures by using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model, which states that electron pairs around a central atoms will assume a geometry that keeps them as far apart from each other as possible. This is illustrated by the drawings below. How does this apply to Chemistry? The groups occupying these geometric positions will be either atoms bonded to the central atom, or lone pair electrons on the central atom. Lone pair electrons occupy more space than bonded electrons, so they will take the equatorial position in the trigonal bipyramid. Lone pair electrons will also occupy positions that put them as far apart from each other as possible. Six groups surrounding a central atom will form an octahedron. All of the groups in this structure are at 90o or 180o to each other. All positions are equivalent Five groups will form a trigonal bipyramid. The two positions pointing up and down are called the axial positions. They are at 180o to each other, and at 90o to the other three, equatorial positions. The three equatorial positions are at 120o to each other. There is more room in the equatorial positions, and large groups will occupy these positions. Four groups will form a tetrahedron. All of the angles in a tetrahedron are 109.5o, and all positions are equivalent. Three groups will form a flat triangle (trigonal planar). Each of the angles is 120o and all positions are equivalent. Two groups form a straight line (linear) with 180o between them. 1. Draw the Lewis structure for water, H2O. HH O a) How many "groups" (atoms and lone pairs) surround the central oxygen? 4 b) What is the geometry of this molecule (look at atoms and lone pairs)? Draw this VSEPR structure next to the Lewis structure. tetrahedron c) What is the shape of this molecule (look only at the atoms)? bent d) What is the H-O-H bond angle? < 109.5 ° e) Place the partial positive and negative charges on the H and O atoms, based on their relative electronegativities. Is water a polar compound? Oxygen is partially negative; hydrogen is partially positive. Yes, water is a polar compound 2. Draw the Lewis structure for NO2-. OO N a) How many "groups" (atoms and lone pairs) surround the central nitrogen? 3 b) What is the geometry of this molecule (look at atoms and lone pairs)? Draw this VSEPR structure next to the Lewis structure. trigonal planar c) What is the shape of this molecule (look only at the atoms)? bent d) What is the O-N-O bond angle? < 120 ° e) Place the partial positive and negative charges on the N and O atoms, based on their relative electronegativities. Is NO2- a polar compound? Oxygen is partially negative; nitrogen is partially positive. Yes, NO2- is a polar compound